Learning Styles Essay - 922 Words

Adjusting learning and studying strategies can be a fast easy way to improve a college grade from a B to an A. Through studies of learning styles I have been able to decipher my learning types. I am a visual learner, have an integrated brain, meaning I use both hemispheres, and ranked highest in bodily-kinesthetic and logic-mathematical intelligence. There are three types of learning styles. They are: auditory, visual and kinesthetic. An auditory learner processes information by hearing and discussing the information. Visual learners process information through visuals such as charts, pictures, and other types of printed information. Kinesthetic learners process information by muscle movements and experiences that are hands-on.†¦show more content†¦Writing what I highlight down in my handwriting will give me an additional time of going over the important information. Also, it will sink in more because it is generally easier to visually remember ones own written text rather than printed text. By implementing this new, more in-depth study strategy I should show great improvement in my test and quiz scores, as well as in all other aspects of my classes. The second strategy I will try will be to add in some techniques from my second strongest category, kinesthetic. In this strategy I will be using all of the techniques from my first strategy, while adding manipulatives, walking and standing, and creating games. I will add manipulatives such as making flashcards. This will enable me to keep my hands busy while I learn. While studying the highlighted text and the rewritten text I will attempt to be standing or walking to dismiss the distraction of being uncomfortable from sitting for too long. Games will be created to make the studying more interesting. It will allow me to capture more of the information due to the use of a different studying technique. By experimenting with these different techniques I will be able to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of my studying, which will in turn show in higher grades. The brain dominance theory identifies specific functions of the left and right hemisphere of the brain. The test showed that I didn’t have dominant hemisphere as I scored a 6. This shows that I’mShow MoreRelatedLearning Styles : A Learning Style Assessment1520 Words   |  7 PagesA learning style is a term used to describe the ways in which people gather, interpret, and store information. Each style can be broken down into a category based on sensory needs: auditory, visual, and tactile. The presumption is that you will best retain the information presented to you if the conditions of your learning style meet. Based on the idea that learning styles exist, I consider myself a visual learner. I prefer to write instructions and keep my thoughts organized. I generate ideas basedRead MoreLearning Styles And Teaching Styles1877 Words   |  8 Pagesa multitude of different learning styles, the highly-Recognized ones being Visual, Aural, Verbal Physical, Logical, Social and Solitary Learning. It is imperative for teachers, especially young teacher who may lack experience to understand the dynamics of all these different learning styles. It is also important for teachers to be flexible in their lesson plans and overall teaching strategy’s because not all of your students will learn best from the same teaching styles and no one student will useRead MoreVark Learning Styles: Read/Write Learning Style1002 Words   |  5 Pages VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Name: Institution: VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Overview of the read/write learning style The read/write learning style mainly makes the use of printed words to receive and convey learning information. Using the style enables one skill to become the input of another through the transfer of the ability to read to that of writing. The skills transfer is integral in raising the awareness of how the structural components involved inRead MoreVark Learning Styles: Read/Write Learning Style1031 Words   |  5 Pages VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Name: Institution: VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Overview of the read/write learning style The read/write learning style mainly makes the use of printed words to receive and convey learning information. Using the style enables one skill to become the input of another through the transfer of the ability to read to that of writing. The skills transfer is integral in raising the awareness of how the structural components involved inRead MoreTeaching and Learning Styles1266 Words   |  6 Pagesfeatures can play a part in the type of learning style the child prefers. The personality and genetic makeup of the learner also affects the way in which they perceive and process information differently to other learners. (Gregorc, 1982) According Ellis (1985, p.14) a learning style is â€Å"the more or less consistent way in which a person perceives, conceptualizes, organizes and recalls information.† Therefore it is extremely vital that teachers adapt their teaching styles within the classroom so that eachRead MoreEssay on Adapting Teaching Styles to Learning Styles2023 Word s   |  9 Pagesallow them to retain the most information. The key to learning is not simply repetition, but being able to understand a concept. That is how a student can be sure that he or she has truly learned something. Teachers must be able to accommodate their students by tailoring their methods of teaching and materials. Different teaching styles obviously suit different learning styles, and no one teaching style can be effective for all learning styles. Because of this, teachers must be flexible in their methodsRead MorePersonal Learning Style At School966 Words   |  4 PagesPeople are different in their own way. Just as people are different, their styles of learning are different in a way in which affects the way they learn and determines whether they can succeed. Every person finds out what learning style they adept well to as it helps them achieve things much easier. Some students prefer to study at night before they go to bed. On the other hand, some students are mor e able to preserve more information if they study first thing in the morning, some people prefer toRead MoreThe Learning Style Inventory ( Lsi )1289 Words   |  6 Pagesresearched on how to put together a project in order to identify the learning styles. The starting point of this scheme was supported by the Kolb learning style inventory (LSI). Finally, they came up with the idea of a questionnaire. They gathered eighty questions together, containing four different learning styles along with characteristics of the person/s that might fit in. The image below represents the theory along with the learning styles produced. (workpress.com, 2011) Many people will argue thatRead MoreLearning Styles And The Learning Style1811 Words   |  8 Pageswill be exploring the importance of learning styles and the effectiveness of them to student nurses, providing evidence from learning theories and also acknowledging David Kolb’s experiential cycle (1984). Furthermore, I will be discussing my dominant learning style, providing the advantages and disadvantages of my learning style on my learning and development, considering the various ways I can improve my learning. I will also explain my weaker learning style and express the different ways I canRead MoreLearning Styles And Techniques Of Teaching898 Words   |  4 Pagesteaching, learning styles and techniques. Being able to observe a few different classrooms has given me an opportunity to witness different aspects of teaching. Through all of my observations during college of teachers I am confident that teaching is what I want to do with the rest of my life. I will touch o n a few topics from my observation throughout my paper such as, the objective of the lesson, types of methods the teachers used, differentiation instruction, ways the teachers assess learning in the

Colonial New England Ideologies And Religious Beliefs

Colonial New England ideologies were strictly religious in their puritan beliefs. Clergymen were highly educated and forced religious practices in the name of being righteous and holy. Conformity to religion was not considered a rational choice to those that were forced unto American soil and forced to live a way of life so different than their own. Enslaved Africans brought with them their own religious, marriage and funeral, and medicinal practices. These practices prompted radical puritans to fear these religious traditions that were so unlike their own, condemning blacks and the various ways they expressed hope in oppression. McMillan states, â€Å"As blacks occupied the lowest rung within society, their ability to survive the ordeals of†¦show more content†¦Creating original covert religious rituals and theologies. Many of the bewitching practices that have been historically accurate refer to Caribbean religious practices and Haitian voodoo, which is still prevalent in society today. Religious traditions associated with these general regions include celebration of marriage and funerals, for example, parading the streets with livelihood to properly bury a loved one. Today this is referred to as the second line funeral procession. White colonialists also believed funeral processions to be an act that made blacks uncontrollable. As stated in Piersen’s 1988 Notes, â€Å"In 1721†¦Boston’s selectmen limited the number of bells that could be tolled for Negro funerals to one in order to cut down on attendance; and they ordered the funeral processions to stop wending their way all over town and to take the most direct route to the grave.† Well documented manuscripts reveal a tell all of the black experience in colonial New England. This colony differed to that of many others due to the simple fact that blacks were recognized and had legal rights. Essentially, blacks were much better off in New England versus anywhere in the south . Denying religious and moral traditional rights to blacks, white colonists still insisted that blacks followed a Puritan moral code. With the inability to conform to the Puritan religion came a spike in witchcraft,

Nuke waste Essay Example For Students

Nuke waste Essay Radioactive wastes, must for the protection of mankind bestored or disposed in such a manner that isolation from thebiosphere is assured until they have decayed to innocuouslevels. If this is not done, the world could face severephysical problems to living species living on this planet. Some atoms can disintegrate spontaneously. As they do,they emit ionizing radiation. Atoms having this property arecalled radioactive. By far the greatest number of uses forradioactivity in Canada relate not to the fission, but tothe decay of radioactive materials radioisotopes. Theseare unstable atoms that emit energy for a period of timethat varies with the isotope. During this active period,while the atoms are decaying to a stable state theirenergies can be used according to the kind of energy theyemit. Since the mid 1900s radioactive wastes have beenstored in different manners, but since several years newways of disposing and storing these wastes have beendeveloped so they may no longer be harmful . A veryadvantageous way of storing radioactive wastes is by aprocess called vitrification. Vitrification is a semi-continuous process thatenables the following operations to be carried out with thesame equipment: evaporation of the waste solution mixed withthe 1) borosilicate: any of several salts derived from bothboric acid and silicic acid and found in certain mineralssuch as tourmaline. additives necesary for the production of borosilicate glass, calcination and elaboration of the glass. These operationsarecarried out in a metallic pot that is heated in an induction furnace. The vitrification of one load of wastes comprisesof the following stages. The first step is Feeding. Inthis step the vitrification receives a constant flow ofmixture of wastes and of additives until it is 80% full ofcalcine. The feeding rate and heating power are adjusted sothat an aqueous phase of several litres is permanentlymaintained at the surface of the pot. The second step is theCalcination and glass evaporation. In this step when thepot is practically full of calcine, the temperature isprogressively increased up to 1100 to 1500 C and then ismaintained for several hours so to allow the glass toelaborate. The third step is Glass casting. The glass iscast in a special container. The heating of the output ofthe vitrification pot causes the glass plug to melt, thusallowing the glass to flow i nto containers which are thentransferred into the storage. Although part of the waste istransformed into a solid product there is still treatment ofgaseous and liquid wastes. The gases that escape from thepot during feeding and calcination are collected and sent toruthenium filters, condensers and scrubbing columns. Theruthenium filters consist of a bed of 2) condensacate: product of condensation. glass pellets coated with ferrous oxide and maintained at a temperature of 500 C. In the treatment of liquid wastes, the condensates collected contain about 15% ruthenium. This is then concentrated in an evaporator where nitric acid isdestroyed by formaldehyde so as to maintain low acidity. Theconcentration is then neutralized and enters thevitrification pot. Once the vitrification process is finished, thecontainers are stored in a storage pit. This pit has beendesigned so that the number of containers that may be storedis equivalent to nine years of production. Powerfulventilators provide air circulation to cool down glass.The glass produced has the advantage of being stored assolid rather than liquid. The advantages of the solids arethat they have almost complete insolubility, chemicalinertias, absence of volatile products and good radiationresistance. The ruthenium that escapes is absorbed by afilter. The amount of ruthenium likely to be released intothe environment is minimal. Another method that is being used today to get rid ofradioactive waste is the placement and self processing radioactive wastes in deep underground cavities. This isthe disposing of toxic wastes by incorporating them intomolten silicate rock, with low permeability. By this method,liquid wastes are injected into a deep underground cavity withmineral treatment and allowed to self-boil. The resulting steam is processed at ground level and recycled in a closedsystem. When waste addition is terminated, the chimney isallowed to boil dry. The heat generated by the radioactivewastes then melts the s urrounding rock, thus dissolving thewastes. When waste and water addition stop, the cavitytemperature would rise to the melting point of the rock. Asthe molten rock mass increases in size, so does the surfacearea. This results in a higher rate of conductive heat lossto the surrounding rock. Concurrently the heat productionrate of radioactivity diminishes because of decay. When theheat loss rate exceeds that of input, the molten rock willbegin to cool and solidify. Finally the rock refreezes,trapping the radioactivity in an insoluble rock matrix deepunderground. The heat surrounding the radioactivity wouldprevent the intrusion of ground water. After all, the steamand vapour are no longer released. The outlet hole would besealed. To go a little deeper into this concept, thetreatment of the wastes before injection is very important. Technology In Agriculture, And Its Application To EssayDuring operation of mixed bed columns, cation and anionexchangers are mixed to ensure that the acis formed aftercontact with the H-form cation resins immediatelyneutralized by the OH-form anion resin. The monobed or mixedbed systems are normally more economical to process wastesolutions. Against background of growing concern over the exposureof the population or any portion of it to any level of radiation, however small, the methods which have beensuccessfully used in the past to dispose of radioactivewastes must be reexamined. There are two commonly usedmethods, the storage of highly active liquid wastes and thedisposal of low activity liquid wastes to a naturalenvironment: sea, river or ground. In the case of thestorage of highly active wastes, no absolute guarantee canever be given. This is because of a possible vesseldeterioration or catastrophe which would cause a release ofradioactivity. The only alternative to dilution a nd dispersion is that of concentration and storage. This isimplied for the low activity wastes disposed into theenvironment. The alternative may be to evaporate off thebulk of the waste to obtain a small concentrated volume. Theaim is to develop more efficient types of evaporators. Atthe same time the decontamination factors obtained inevaporation must be high to ensure that the activity of thecondensate is negligible, though there remains the problemof accidental dispersion. Much effort is current in manycountries on the establishment of the ultimate disposalmethods. These are defined to those who fix the fissionproduct activity in a non-leakable solid state, so that thegeneral dispersion can never occur. The most promisingoutlines in the near future are; the absorbtion ofmontmorillonite clay which is comprised of natural claysthat have a good capacity for chemical exchange of cationsand can store radioactive wastes, fused salt calcinationwhich will neutralize the wastes and high t emperatureprocessing. Even though man has made many breakthroughs inthe processing, storage and disintegration of radioactivewastes, there is still much work ahead to render the wastesabsolutely harmless.

Thermal Pollution Essay Example

Thermal Pollution Paper It is one of the pollution that effects on living things and the environment badly. The definition of thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature. A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers. When water used as a coolant is returned to the natural environment at a higher temperature, the change in temperature decreases oxygen supply, and affects ecosystem composition. Urban runoff?seawater discharged to surface waters from roads and parking lots-can also be a source of elevated eater temperatures. When a power plant first opens or shuts down for repair or Other causes, fish and other organisms adapted to particular temperature range can be killed by the abrupt change in water temperature known as thermal shock. * Effects of thermal pollution on the environment There are several effects of thermal pollution * The dissolved oxygen content of water is decreased as the solubility of oxygen in water is decreased high temperature * High temperature becomes a barrier for oxygen penetration into deep Goldwater. * Toxicity of pesticides, detergents and chemicals in the effluents increases with increase in temperature. * The composition of flora and fauna changes because the species sensitive to increase temperature due to thermal shock will be replaced by temperature tolerant species. Metabolic activities of aquatic organisms increase at high temperature i nadequate more oxygen level falls under thermal pollution. * Discharge of heated water near the shores can disturb spawning and can Bienville young fishes. * Fish * Sudden migrations are affected due to formation of various thermal zones and periodic increase in temperature producing a thermal effect * Distribution of organisms among major and minor communities. Changes to reproductive powers and increased susceptibility to disease * production of heat shock proteins for thermonuclear. Bio indicators are the first to show the effects. * Decrease in productivity of the water body . * Economic and environmental damage * Effects of thermal pollution on the living things All plant and animal species that live in water are adapted to temperatures within a certain range. When water in an area warms more than they can tolerate, species that cannot move, such as rooted plants and shellfish, will die. Species that can move, such as fish, will leave the area in search of cooler notations, and they will die if they can not find them. We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Typically, other species, often less desirable, will move into the area to fill the vacancy. Warm water Warm water are elevated temperature typically decreases the level of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water. The decrease in levels of DO can harm aquatic animals such as fish, amphibians and scooped. Thermal pollution may also increase the metabolic rate of aquatic animals, as enzyme activity, resulting in these organisms consuming more food in a shorter time than if their environment were not changed. An increased metabolic rate may result n food source shortages, causing a sharp decrease in a population. Changes in the environment may also result in a migration of organisms to another, more suitable environment, and to in-migration of fishes that normally only live in warmer waters elsewhere. This leads to competition for fewer resources; the more adapted organisms moving in may have an advantage over organisms that are not used to the warmer temperature. As a result one has the problem Of compromising food chains Of the old and new environments. Biodiversity can be decreased as a result. Elevated temperature typically decreases the level of dissolved oxygen in water. This can harm aquatic animals such as fish,amphibians and other aquatic organisms. Thermal pollution may also increase the metabolic rate of aquatic animals, as insensitivity, resulting in these organisms consuming more food in a shorter time than if their environment were not changed. An increased metabolic rate may result in fewer resources; the more adapted organisms moving in may have an advantage over organisms that are not used to the warmer temperature. As a result, food chains of the old and new environments may be compromised. Some fish species will avoid stream segments or coastal areas adjacent to a thermal discharge. Biodiversity can be decreased as a result. High temperature limits oxygen dispersion into deeper waters, contributing to anaerobic conditions. This can lead to increased bacterially when there is ample food supply. Many aquatic species will fail to reproduce at elevated temperatures. Primary producers are affected by warm water because higher water temperature increases plant growth rates, resulting in a shorter lifespan and species overpopulation. This can cause an algae bloom which reduces oxygen levels. Temperature changes of even one to two degrees Celsius can cause significant changes in organism diabolism and other adventurously biology effects. Principal adverse changes can include rendering cell walls less permeable to necessary osmosis, coagulation of cell proteins, and alteration Of enzyme metabolism. These cellular level effects can adversely affect mortality and reproduction. A large increase in temperature can lead to the denaturing of life-supporting enzymes by breaking down hydrogen- and disulphide bandwidths the quaternary structure of the enzymes. Decreased enzyme activity in aquatic organisms can cause problems such as the inability to break down lipids, which leads to malnutrition. In limited cases, warm water has little deleterious effect and may even lead to improved function of the receiving aquatic ecosystem. This phenomenon is seen especially in seasonal waters and is known as thermal enrichment. An extreme case is derived from the aggregation habits of the manatee, which often uses power plant discharge sites during winter. Projections suggest that manatee populations would decline upon the removal of these discharges. Cold water In general, cold waters are better habitat for plants and animals than warm ones because cold waters contain more dissolved oxygen. Many freshwater fish species that are valued for sport and food, especially trout and salmon, do poorly in warm water. Some organisms do thrive in warm water, often with undesirable effects. Algae and other plants grow more rapidly in warm Water than in cold, but they also die more rapidly; the bacteria that decompose their dead tissue use up oxygen, further reducing the amount available for animals. The dead and decaying algae make the water look, taste, and smell unpleasant Releases of unnaturally cold water from reservoirs can dramatically change the fish and microdensitometer Anna of rivers, and reduce river productivity. In Australia, where many rivers have warmer temperature regimes, native fish species have been eliminated, and microdensitometer fauna have been drastically altered. Due to the sudden fall of water temperature the contraction on dam and bridge pylon may take place. * Control Of thermal pollution Cooling tower at Gustavo Innkeeper Power Station, Dortmund, Germany industrial wastewater In the United States, thermal pollution from industrial sources is generated mostly by power plants, petroleum refineries, pulp and paper mills, chemical plants, steel mills and smelters. Heated water from these sources may be controlled with: * cooling ponds, man-made bodies of water designed for cooling by evaporation, convection, and radiation * cooling towers, which transfer waste heat to the atmosphere through evaporation and/or heat transfer * generation, a process where waste heat is recycled for domestic and/or industrial heating purposes. Some facilities use once- through cooling (ETC) systems which do not reduce temperature as effectively as the above systems. For example, the Petrol Generating Station in San Francisco, which uses ETC, discharges water to San Francisco Bay approximately 100 C (200 F) above the ambient bay temperature. Urban runoff During warm weather, urban runoff can have significant thermal impacts on small streams, as seawater passes over hot parking lots, roads and sidewalks. Seawater management facilities that absorb runoff or direct it into groundwater, such as overexertion systems and infiltration basins, can reduce these thermal effects. Retention basins tend to be less effective at reducing temperature, as the water may be heated by the sun before being discharged to a receiving stream. Noise Pollution Noise pollution is excessive, displeasing human, animal, or machine- created environmental noise that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life. The word noise may be from the Latin word nauseas, which means disgust or discomfort. The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly construction and transportation systems, including motor vehicle noise, aircraft noise, and rail noise. Poor urban planning may give rise to noise pollution, since side-by-side industrial and residential buildings can result in noise pollution in the residential area. High noise levels can nutrient to cardiovascular effects in humans, a rise in blood pressure, and an increase in stress and vasoconstriction, and an increased incidence of coronary artery disease. In animals, noise can increase the risk of death by altering predator or prey detection and avoidance, interfere with reproduction and navigation, and contribute to permanent hearing loss. Types of noise pollution There are many different types of noise pollution. There are man-made noises, such as those created by city traffic, construction sites, airports and subway terminals. In fact, most forms of transportation have an associated noise factor. The other type of noise that can be disruptive and irritating are environmental, such as a loud thunderstorm or the noise created by barking dogs and other animals. * City Life and Noise Pollution If you live in a city, then noise is a common everyday element that you dont consciously notice. However, simply being conditioned to noise doesnt mean there isnt a physical side-effect. Your mind just turns the noise down to a livable degree. * Other Causes of Noise Pollution Many types of manmade products and equipment cause noise pollution. For example, household appliances, televisions, electronic cooling fans, vacuum leaners, and HAVE equipment all contribute to daily noise pollution. Even your pets may create a certain level of noise. * Effects of noise pollution on the environment and living things Human health Noise pollution effects both health and behavior. Unwanted sound (noise) can damage physiological and psychological health. Noise pollution can cause annoyance and aggression, hypertension, high stress levels, tinnitus, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, and other harmful effects. Furthermore, stress and hypertension are the leading causes to health problems. Chronic exposure to noise may cause noise-induced hearing loss. Older males exposed to significant occupational noise demonstratesignificantly reduced hearing sensitivity than their non-exposed peers, though differences in hearing sensitivity decrease with time and the two groups are indistinct useable by age 79. A comparison of Mbabane tribesmen, who were insignificantly exposed to transportation or industrial noise, to a typical U. S. Population showed that chronic exposure to moderately high levels Of environmental noise contributes to hearing loss. High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects and exposure to moderately high levels during a ingle eight hour period causes a statistical rise in blood pressure of five to ten points and an increase in stress and vasoconstriction leading to the increased blood pressure noted above as well as to increased incidence of coronary artery disease. Noise pollution is also a cause of annoyance. A 2005 study by Spanish researchers found that in urban areas households are willing to pay approximately four Euros per decibel per year for noise reduction. The effects of noise pollution on human health is a complex topic since not only does it have a physical effect, but also a behavioral and even mental effect. Noise can make a person nervous, antsy, irritable and, in some cases, angry. Some noises are cited as being responsible for aggressive behavior in some individuals. Wildlife health Noise can have a detrimental effect on animals, increasing the risk of death by changing the delicate balance in predator or prey detection and avoidance, and interfering the use of the sounds in communication especially in relation to reproduction and in navigation. Acoustic overexposure can lead to temporary or permanent loss of hearing. An impact of noise on animal life is the reduction of usable habitat that noisy areas may cause, which in the case f endangered species may be part of the path to extinction. Noise pollution has caused the death of certain species of whales that bigheartedness after being exposed to the loud sound Of military sonar (see also Marine mammals and sonar). Noise also makes species communicate louder, which is called Lombard vocal response. Scientists and researchers have conducted experiments that show whales song length is longer when submarine- detectors are on. If creatures do not speak loud enough, their voice will be masked by anthropogenic sounds. These unheard voices might be airings, finding of prey, or preparations of net-bubbling. When one species begins speaking louder, it will mask other species voice, causing the whole ecosystem to eventually speak louder. European Robins living in urban environments are more likely to sing at night in places with high levels of noise pollution during the day, suggesting that they sing at night because it is quieter, and their message can propagate through the environment more clearly. The same study showed that daytime noise was a stronger predictor of nocturnal singing than night-time light pollution, to which the phenomenon is often attributed. Zebra finches become less faithful to their partners when exposed to traffic noise. This could alter a populations evolutionary trajectory by selecting traits, sapping resources normally devoted to other activities and thus lead to profound genetic and evolutionary consequences. * Control Of noise pollution * Roadway noise can be reduced by the use of noise barriers, limitation of vehicle speeds, alteration of roadway surface texture, limitation of heavy vehicles, use of traffic controls that smooth vehicle flow to reduce braking and acceleration, and tire design. An important factor in applying these traceries is a computer model for roadway noise, that is capable of addressing local topography, meteorology, traffic operations and hypothetical mitigation. Costs of building-in mitigation can be modest, provided these solutions are sought in the planning stage of a roadway project. * Aircraft noise can be reduced by using quieter jet engines. Altering flight paths and time of day runway has benefited residents near airports. * Industrial noise has been addressed since the sass via redesign of industrial equipment, shock mounted assemblies and physical barriers in the workplace. Thermal Pollution Essay Example Thermal Pollution Paper Individual Episcopal Institute of Management (MM) hereby declare that this report as a part of the course ?Contemporary Issues in Management (MBA 805. 1 ) is the result of my own work. I also acknowledge the other works / publications cited in the report. (Signature) Place: Change Date: 17. 06. 2013 (Name of the student) 2 BRIEF OF TOPIC Thermal Pollution may be defined as the excessive raising or lowering of water temperature above or below normal seasonal ranges in streams, lakes, or estuaries or oceans as the result of discharge of hot or cold effluents into such water. Thermal Pollution is harmful because its increase water temperature in streams, rivers, lakes, or occasionally, coastal ocean waters. Thermal pollution is caused by either dumping hot water from factories and power plants or removing trees and vegetation that shade streams, permitting sunlight to raise the temperature of these waters. Like other forms of water pollution, thermal pollution is widespread, affecting many lakes and vast numbers of streams and rivers in the United States and other parts of the world. A temperature increase as small as 1 or 2 Celsius degrees (about 2 to 4 Fahrenheit degrees) can kill native fish and plants or drive them out in favor of other species, often with undesirable effects. CLC Control of Thermal Pollution CLC Effects of Thermal Pollution CLC Sources of Thermal Pollution CLC OBJECTIVE C] To know what is Thermal pollution To identified reason of Thermal Pollution and its sources 0 To measurement effect of Thermal Pollution on environment. CA To find effective control tools and Step for decrease Thermal pollution. 3 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION In India, about 75 to 82 percent of thermal pollution is generated by power plants. We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The remainder is from industrial sources such as petroleum refineries, pulp and paper mills, chemical plants, steel mills and smelters. This study is based on global monthly temperature data, from 1880 until today (NOAA NCSC, 2001). These temperatures are separated into land area tem- premature (LA T), sea surface temperature (SST), and a combined global mean temperature (MEAN). MEAN is calculated by area weights corresponding to the global sea area (71 %) and land area (29%). During the year, SST is rather constant while the LAT varies considerably. CAT is about 3 ? 12 j lower than SST during the year. Fig. Indicates the LAT increase since 1880 to be 1. 2 j (to 9. 3 j) while the SST increase is 0. 5 j (to 16. 4 j). The corresponding combined global mean temperature has increased boy. 7 j (to 14. 3 j). Before that, during the years 1856 1880, the global mean temperatures were al- most constant (Jones et 2001 In water above 1400 F (600 C) it is very unusual for algae or bacteria to live, and serious problems occur at even much lower temperature levels. Unlike warm-blooded animals, fish and other cold-blooded organisms do not have a regulatory mechanism for maintaining a fixed internal body temperature. Therefore when water temperature changes, the body temperatures of the organisms also change. The resulting thermal stress may be lethal to some species. Factors such as diet, age, previous temperature exposure, weather, season of the year, and chemical composition of the water may change the specific lethal temperature point for fishes. Gender certain conditions, for example, brown trout cannot live in water at a temperature above 790 F (260 C). However, some hardy fish, often known as ?rough fish, can survive in even higher temperatures?carp, for example, can live at 950 F (350 C) water temperature. 4 Even comparatively small temperature increases may have serious results, affecting for example, reproduction in aquatic organisms. For example, the natural rise in water temperature during the spring causes female oysters and clams to shed their eggs. A similar, but artificially produced, temperature rise at a different time of the year can trigger the release of immature eggs. Excessive temperature can also prevent the normal development of certain eggs. Increased temperature may also affect hatching time in certain species. For example, herring eggs normally hatch in 47 days at a temperature of 320 F (0. 0 C). When the Water temperature is raised to 580 (14. ICC) the eggs hatch in 8 days. Such an early hatching often results in smaller adult size and shortened life span. Small water-temperature increases may increase the level of activity of certain organisms, whereas higher temperatures tend to decrease the level of activity. Lake trout, for example, cruise more rapidly as the temperature nears 610 (160 C) but then slow down above that temperature. A water temperature of 750 F (240 C) is lethal for them. As the fishs level of activity decreases so does its ability to catch food. 5 ARTICLE 1 Sources of Thermal Pollution Thermal pollution may be caused by four major sources. They are A) Water as a cooling agent. B) Soil erosion, C) Deforestation of shorelines, and D) Run-off from hot paved surfaces. A) Water as a cooling agent: It is the major source of thermal pollution of water in most part of the world. The use of water as a cooling agent in power plants and factories and industrial facilities causes thermal pollution. B) Soil erosion: Soil erosion makes the water muddy, which in turn increases the absorption of light, thus increasing the water temperature. C) Deforestation of shorelines: This contributes to the problem of thermal elution in two ways. First the plant roots hold soil particles together. Hence the deforestation results erosion of soil particles. Secondly, vegetation provides shade to the water surface. Deforestation increases the amount of light hitting the water surface, thereby raising the water temperature. D) Run- off on hot surface: Storm water runoff on warmed urban surfaces, such as streets, 6 sidewalks and parking lots causes raising of the temperature water that flows on the surface Effects of Thermal Pollution Thermal Pollution increased the temperature of water considerably. This increase in temperature causes the following effects. A) Change in water properties: Temperature affects physical, biological and chemical parameters in a water body B) Disturbed Ecosystem: Most aquatic organisms have adapted to survive within a range of water temperatures. Some organisms like trout and strongly nymphs prefer cooler water, while others such as carp and dragonfly nymphs thrive under warmer conditions. As the temperature of river or lake increases, cool water species will be replaced by warm organisms. Few organisms can survive in temperatures of extreme heat or cold. C) Reduced dissolved oxygen: The addition of heat reduces the waters ability o hold dissolved gases, including the oxygen required for aquatic life. Fifth water temperature in greater than 95 degree Fahrenheit the dissolved oxygen content may be too low to support some species. D) Increased bacterial growth: Warmer water allows bacterial populations to increase and thrive and algae blooms may occur. E) Photosynthesis: The rate of photosynthesis by algae and larger aquatic plants is also affected by thermal pollution. F) Thermal shock: When a power plant first opens or shut down for repair, fish and other organisms adapted to a particular temperature range can be ailed by the abrupt change in water temperature. This is called as thermal shock. 7 G) Increase in toxicity: The rising temperature increases toxicity of the chemicals present in water causes massive morality of fishes. Control of Thermal Pollution Following are some of the preventive measures of thermal pollution. A) Temperature of water can be reduced by taking the water to wet or dry cooling towers which are being used to pre cool that water before discharge transfers the heat from the water to the atmosphere. 8) Discharging the heated water into shallow ponds or canal, allowing it to cool, and reusing it as cooling Water. C) The thermal discharge from an industry can also be used in heating homes, building or other such structures. This is achieved by circulating the hot water through pipes in the structures. D) Water with temperature can be successfully used in aquaculture. E) The heated water can also be used in agriculture, especially for frost protection during the cold seasons. 8 ARTICLE 2 INTRODUCTION Thermal Pollution, harmful increase in water temperature in streams, rivers, lakes, or occasionally, coastal ocean waters. Thermal pollution is caused by either dumping hot water from factories and power plants or removing trees ND vegetation that shade streams, permitting sunlight to raise the temperature of these waters. Like other forms of water pollution, thermal pollution is widespread, affecting many lakes and vast numbers of streams and rivers in the India and other parts of the world. A temperature increase as small as 1 or 2 Celsius degrees (about 2 to 4 Fahrenheit degrees) can kill native fish, shellfish, and plants, or drive them out in favor of other species, often with undesirable effects. MAJOR SOURCES The major sources of thermal pollution are electric power plants and industrial factories. In most electric power plants, heat is produced when coal, IL, or natural gas is burned or nuclear fuels undergo fission to release huge amounts of energy. This heat turns water to steam, which in turn spins turbines to produce electricity. After doing its work, the spent steam must be cooled and condensed back into water. To condense the steam, cool water is brought into the plant and circulated next to the hot steam. In this process, the water used for cooling warms 5 to 10 Celsius degrees (9 to 18 Fahrenheit degrees), after which it may be dumped back into the lake, river, or ocean from which it came. Similarly, factories contribute to thermal pollution when hey dump water used to cool their machinery. The second type of thermal pollution is much more widespread. Streams and small lakes are 9 naturally kept cool by trees and other tall plants that block sunlight. People often remove this shading vegetation in order to harvest the wood in the trees, to make room for crops, or to construct buildings, roads, and other structures. Left unshaved, the water warms by as much as 10 Celsius degrees (18 Fahrenheit degrees). In a similar manner, grazing sheep and cattle can strip streamside of low vegetation, including young trees. Even the removal f vegetation far away from a stream or lake can contribute to thermal pollution by speeding up the erosion of soil into the water, making it muddy. Muddy water absorbs more energy from the sun than clear water does, resulting in further heating. Finally, water running off of artificial surfaces, such as streets, parking lots, and roofs, is warmer than water running off vegetated land and, thus, contributes to thermal pollution. IMPACTS All plant and animal species that live in water are adapted to temperatures within a certain range. When water in an area warms more than they can tolerate, species that cannot move, such as rooted plants and hellish, will die. Species that can move, such as fish, will leave the area in search of cooler conditions, and they will die if they can not find them. Typically, other species, often less desirable, will move into the area to fill the vacancy. In general, cold waters are better habitat for plants and animals than warm ones because cold waters contain more dissolved oxygen. Many freshwater fish species that are valued for sport and food, especially trout and salmon, do poorly in warm water. Some organisms do thrive in warm water, often with undesirable effects. Algae and other plants grow more rapidly in warm eater than in cold, but they also die more rapidly; the bacteria that decompose their dead tissue use up oxygen, further reducing the amount available for animals. The dead and decaying algae make the water look, taste, and smell unpleasant 10 CONTROLS Thermal pollution from power plants and factories is relatively easy to control. Instead of discharging heated water into lakes and streams, power plants and factories can pass the heated water through cooling towers or cooling ponds, where evaporation cools the water before it is discharged. Alternatively, power plants can be designed or refitted to be more efficient ND to produce less waste heat in the first place. In a process called generation, the excess heat energy from generating electricity can be used in another manufacturing process that needs such energy. Where homes or other buildings are located near industrial plants, waste hot water can be used for heating?an arrangement often found in Scandinavian towns and cities, and proposed for use in China. In the United States, the problem of industrial thermal pollution was first addressed in 1970, when Congress gave the Atomic Energy Commission authority to regulate thermal pollution from nuclear power plants. In 1 972, the comprehensive Clean Water Act instructed the Environmental Protection Agency to issue regulations to clean up all hot water discharges from all power plants, nuclear or conventional. Since then, thermal pollution from power plants has not been a major issue in the United States. To prevent thermal pollution due to deviation, the prescription is simple: do not devastate. Landowners can leave strips of trees and vegetation along streams and shorelines. Grazing livestock can be kept away from streamside by fencing. All efforts to control erosion also have the effect of keeping water clearer and, thus, cooler. As a practical matter, however, thermal pollution from deviation is quite hard to control because it is caused by the cumulative effect of many peoples actions, most of which are individually minor. Regulations focus on a few of the most important threats. Grazing 1 1 management plans, for instance, are intended to counter thermal pollution and other problems on lands owned by the federal government. In the United States, regulations governing logging on both public and private lands supposedly protect streamside, though enforcement is often lax. Elsewhere, streamside protection is largely up to private landowners, encouraged and died by such advisory organizations as the federal Natural Resources Conservation Service and cooperative Resource Conservation Districts. Solutions Several engineering solutions are available to minimize thermal pollution from major industrial sources. One is a cooling pond into which heated wastewater is released before it enters a natural waterway. The cooling pond permits evaporation of some water, carrying heat into the air and thus releasing cooler water into the waterway. The evaporated water might, however, under some conditions, condense, producing fogs where none existed before. In addition, the evaporation from the cooling pond sight deprive the waterway of significant amounts of water, which could be serious during summer months when the natural flow in a river is low. Another possible solution to the problem of thermal pollution is the cooling tower?either wet or dry?which also transfers heat to the air. In both types, heated water is introduced into a tower through which air is blown, and some heat is passed to the air. In wet towers, water and air are in contact, resulting in water loss. In dry towers, a device like a car radiator carries the heated Water, and less Water is lost. Several suggestions for the beneficial uses Of Herman pollution have been made. Among them is the possible use of heated water under fields to lengthen the growing season for certain crops, under city streets in winter to melt snow, or in cold estuaries areas to increase growth offish and shellfish. At the moment, these schemes are untested on a large scale. All solutions must consider the general health of the environment as well as energy use patterns, overall population growth, and other factors. Thermal Pollution Essay Example Thermal Pollution Paper Environmental pollution is the biggest menace to the human race on this planer today and this article is an essay on pollution describing its effects on human beings and whole environment. Basically pollution means addition of impurities to the environment which consists of earth, water, air, plants and animals. If we kept on polluting them then for sure the existence of human and nature will be hampered. Firstly there is a growing amount of atmospheric degradation which causes several repercussions on a global scale. And a first and important effect, the air on earth is becoming more and more dangerous to breathe without the use of artificial filters and this essay on pollution is based on these problems only. Essay on pollution. The most Obvious cause for pollution in the air is the continuous augmentation of motorized vehicles that increase carbon monoxide in the air. This results in the De-purification of the air. Not as vast as motorized vehicles, but even more important, are the contents of smoke and gaseous residues that are injected into the atmosphere by the industries. Say on pollution. We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It can be said that pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm of discomfort to the ecosystem and in this essay on pollution these problems will be discussed. The blacksmith institute issues annually a list of the worlds most polluted worst places. In 2007 issues the top ten nominees are located in Azerbaijan, china, Peru, Russia, Zambia including India. In the last industrial age, the term over pollution was common, representing a view that was both critical of industrial pollution but likewise accepted a certain degree of pollution as nominal industrial practice. Say on pollution. With the growing number of automobiles and the greenhouse effect problem becoming more and more of a threat, air pollution is something to be concerned with. Essay on pollution. This essay on pollution will also discuss the major forms of it. They are listed below along with the particular contaminant relevant to each of them. Essay on polluti on. *Air pollution:the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere. Common gaseous pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles. Say on pollution. *Light pollution: includes light trespass and astronomical interference. Littering:the criminal throwing of inappropriate man made objects, unredeemed onto public and p riveter properties. Essay on pollution. *Noise pollution: which encompasses roadway noise, aircraft noise? *Solar contamination occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground leakage. *Thermal pollution is a temperature change in natural water bodies caused y human influence. Visual pollution which, can refer to the presence of overhead power lines, motorway billboards. *Water pollution by the discharge of waste water from commercial and industrial waste into surface waters, discharge of untreated domestic sewage, and chemical contaminants such as chlorine, fro m treated sewage. Essay on pollution. About 400 million metric tons of hazardous wastes are generated every year. The United States alone produces about 250 million metric tons. Americans constitute less than 5 % of the worlds population. Essay on pollution.