Learning Styles Essay - 922 Words

Adjusting learning and studying strategies can be a fast easy way to improve a college grade from a B to an A. Through studies of learning styles I have been able to decipher my learning types. I am a visual learner, have an integrated brain, meaning I use both hemispheres, and ranked highest in bodily-kinesthetic and logic-mathematical intelligence. There are three types of learning styles. They are: auditory, visual and kinesthetic. An auditory learner processes information by hearing and discussing the information. Visual learners process information through visuals such as charts, pictures, and other types of printed information. Kinesthetic learners process information by muscle movements and experiences that are hands-on.†¦show more content†¦Writing what I highlight down in my handwriting will give me an additional time of going over the important information. Also, it will sink in more because it is generally easier to visually remember ones own written text rather than printed text. By implementing this new, more in-depth study strategy I should show great improvement in my test and quiz scores, as well as in all other aspects of my classes. The second strategy I will try will be to add in some techniques from my second strongest category, kinesthetic. In this strategy I will be using all of the techniques from my first strategy, while adding manipulatives, walking and standing, and creating games. I will add manipulatives such as making flashcards. This will enable me to keep my hands busy while I learn. While studying the highlighted text and the rewritten text I will attempt to be standing or walking to dismiss the distraction of being uncomfortable from sitting for too long. Games will be created to make the studying more interesting. It will allow me to capture more of the information due to the use of a different studying technique. By experimenting with these different techniques I will be able to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of my studying, which will in turn show in higher grades. The brain dominance theory identifies specific functions of the left and right hemisphere of the brain. The test showed that I didn’t have dominant hemisphere as I scored a 6. This shows that I’mShow MoreRelatedLearning Styles : A Learning Style Assessment1520 Words   |  7 PagesA learning style is a term used to describe the ways in which people gather, interpret, and store information. Each style can be broken down into a category based on sensory needs: auditory, visual, and tactile. The presumption is that you will best retain the information presented to you if the conditions of your learning style meet. Based on the idea that learning styles exist, I consider myself a visual learner. I prefer to write instructions and keep my thoughts organized. I generate ideas basedRead MoreLearning Styles And Teaching Styles1877 Words   |  8 Pagesa multitude of different learning styles, the highly-Recognized ones being Visual, Aural, Verbal Physical, Logical, Social and Solitary Learning. It is imperative for teachers, especially young teacher who may lack experience to understand the dynamics of all these different learning styles. It is also important for teachers to be flexible in their lesson plans and overall teaching strategy’s because not all of your students will learn best from the same teaching styles and no one student will useRead MoreVark Learning Styles: Read/Write Learning Style1002 Words   |  5 Pages VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Name: Institution: VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Overview of the read/write learning style The read/write learning style mainly makes the use of printed words to receive and convey learning information. Using the style enables one skill to become the input of another through the transfer of the ability to read to that of writing. The skills transfer is integral in raising the awareness of how the structural components involved inRead MoreVark Learning Styles: Read/Write Learning Style1031 Words   |  5 Pages VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Name: Institution: VARK Learning styles: Read/write learning style Overview of the read/write learning style The read/write learning style mainly makes the use of printed words to receive and convey learning information. Using the style enables one skill to become the input of another through the transfer of the ability to read to that of writing. The skills transfer is integral in raising the awareness of how the structural components involved inRead MoreTeaching and Learning Styles1266 Words   |  6 Pagesfeatures can play a part in the type of learning style the child prefers. The personality and genetic makeup of the learner also affects the way in which they perceive and process information differently to other learners. (Gregorc, 1982) According Ellis (1985, p.14) a learning style is â€Å"the more or less consistent way in which a person perceives, conceptualizes, organizes and recalls information.† Therefore it is extremely vital that teachers adapt their teaching styles within the classroom so that eachRead MoreEssay on Adapting Teaching Styles to Learning Styles2023 Word s   |  9 Pagesallow them to retain the most information. The key to learning is not simply repetition, but being able to understand a concept. That is how a student can be sure that he or she has truly learned something. Teachers must be able to accommodate their students by tailoring their methods of teaching and materials. Different teaching styles obviously suit different learning styles, and no one teaching style can be effective for all learning styles. Because of this, teachers must be flexible in their methodsRead MorePersonal Learning Style At School966 Words   |  4 PagesPeople are different in their own way. Just as people are different, their styles of learning are different in a way in which affects the way they learn and determines whether they can succeed. Every person finds out what learning style they adept well to as it helps them achieve things much easier. Some students prefer to study at night before they go to bed. On the other hand, some students are mor e able to preserve more information if they study first thing in the morning, some people prefer toRead MoreThe Learning Style Inventory ( Lsi )1289 Words   |  6 Pagesresearched on how to put together a project in order to identify the learning styles. The starting point of this scheme was supported by the Kolb learning style inventory (LSI). Finally, they came up with the idea of a questionnaire. They gathered eighty questions together, containing four different learning styles along with characteristics of the person/s that might fit in. The image below represents the theory along with the learning styles produced. (workpress.com, 2011) Many people will argue thatRead MoreLearning Styles And The Learning Style1811 Words   |  8 Pageswill be exploring the importance of learning styles and the effectiveness of them to student nurses, providing evidence from learning theories and also acknowledging David Kolb’s experiential cycle (1984). Furthermore, I will be discussing my dominant learning style, providing the advantages and disadvantages of my learning style on my learning and development, considering the various ways I can improve my learning. I will also explain my weaker learning style and express the different ways I canRead MoreLearning Styles And Techniques Of Teaching898 Words   |  4 Pagesteaching, learning styles and techniques. Being able to observe a few different classrooms has given me an opportunity to witness different aspects of teaching. Through all of my observations during college of teachers I am confident that teaching is what I want to do with the rest of my life. I will touch o n a few topics from my observation throughout my paper such as, the objective of the lesson, types of methods the teachers used, differentiation instruction, ways the teachers assess learning in the

Colonial New England Ideologies And Religious Beliefs

Colonial New England ideologies were strictly religious in their puritan beliefs. Clergymen were highly educated and forced religious practices in the name of being righteous and holy. Conformity to religion was not considered a rational choice to those that were forced unto American soil and forced to live a way of life so different than their own. Enslaved Africans brought with them their own religious, marriage and funeral, and medicinal practices. These practices prompted radical puritans to fear these religious traditions that were so unlike their own, condemning blacks and the various ways they expressed hope in oppression. McMillan states, â€Å"As blacks occupied the lowest rung within society, their ability to survive the ordeals of†¦show more content†¦Creating original covert religious rituals and theologies. Many of the bewitching practices that have been historically accurate refer to Caribbean religious practices and Haitian voodoo, which is still prevalent in society today. Religious traditions associated with these general regions include celebration of marriage and funerals, for example, parading the streets with livelihood to properly bury a loved one. Today this is referred to as the second line funeral procession. White colonialists also believed funeral processions to be an act that made blacks uncontrollable. As stated in Piersen’s 1988 Notes, â€Å"In 1721†¦Boston’s selectmen limited the number of bells that could be tolled for Negro funerals to one in order to cut down on attendance; and they ordered the funeral processions to stop wending their way all over town and to take the most direct route to the grave.† Well documented manuscripts reveal a tell all of the black experience in colonial New England. This colony differed to that of many others due to the simple fact that blacks were recognized and had legal rights. Essentially, blacks were much better off in New England versus anywhere in the south . Denying religious and moral traditional rights to blacks, white colonists still insisted that blacks followed a Puritan moral code. With the inability to conform to the Puritan religion came a spike in witchcraft,

Nuke waste Essay Example For Students

Nuke waste Essay Radioactive wastes, must for the protection of mankind bestored or disposed in such a manner that isolation from thebiosphere is assured until they have decayed to innocuouslevels. If this is not done, the world could face severephysical problems to living species living on this planet. Some atoms can disintegrate spontaneously. As they do,they emit ionizing radiation. Atoms having this property arecalled radioactive. By far the greatest number of uses forradioactivity in Canada relate not to the fission, but tothe decay of radioactive materials radioisotopes. Theseare unstable atoms that emit energy for a period of timethat varies with the isotope. During this active period,while the atoms are decaying to a stable state theirenergies can be used according to the kind of energy theyemit. Since the mid 1900s radioactive wastes have beenstored in different manners, but since several years newways of disposing and storing these wastes have beendeveloped so they may no longer be harmful . A veryadvantageous way of storing radioactive wastes is by aprocess called vitrification. Vitrification is a semi-continuous process thatenables the following operations to be carried out with thesame equipment: evaporation of the waste solution mixed withthe 1) borosilicate: any of several salts derived from bothboric acid and silicic acid and found in certain mineralssuch as tourmaline. additives necesary for the production of borosilicate glass, calcination and elaboration of the glass. These operationsarecarried out in a metallic pot that is heated in an induction furnace. The vitrification of one load of wastes comprisesof the following stages. The first step is Feeding. Inthis step the vitrification receives a constant flow ofmixture of wastes and of additives until it is 80% full ofcalcine. The feeding rate and heating power are adjusted sothat an aqueous phase of several litres is permanentlymaintained at the surface of the pot. The second step is theCalcination and glass evaporation. In this step when thepot is practically full of calcine, the temperature isprogressively increased up to 1100 to 1500 C and then ismaintained for several hours so to allow the glass toelaborate. The third step is Glass casting. The glass iscast in a special container. The heating of the output ofthe vitrification pot causes the glass plug to melt, thusallowing the glass to flow i nto containers which are thentransferred into the storage. Although part of the waste istransformed into a solid product there is still treatment ofgaseous and liquid wastes. The gases that escape from thepot during feeding and calcination are collected and sent toruthenium filters, condensers and scrubbing columns. Theruthenium filters consist of a bed of 2) condensacate: product of condensation. glass pellets coated with ferrous oxide and maintained at a temperature of 500 C. In the treatment of liquid wastes, the condensates collected contain about 15% ruthenium. This is then concentrated in an evaporator where nitric acid isdestroyed by formaldehyde so as to maintain low acidity. Theconcentration is then neutralized and enters thevitrification pot. Once the vitrification process is finished, thecontainers are stored in a storage pit. This pit has beendesigned so that the number of containers that may be storedis equivalent to nine years of production. Powerfulventilators provide air circulation to cool down glass.The glass produced has the advantage of being stored assolid rather than liquid. The advantages of the solids arethat they have almost complete insolubility, chemicalinertias, absence of volatile products and good radiationresistance. The ruthenium that escapes is absorbed by afilter. The amount of ruthenium likely to be released intothe environment is minimal. Another method that is being used today to get rid ofradioactive waste is the placement and self processing radioactive wastes in deep underground cavities. This isthe disposing of toxic wastes by incorporating them intomolten silicate rock, with low permeability. By this method,liquid wastes are injected into a deep underground cavity withmineral treatment and allowed to self-boil. The resulting steam is processed at ground level and recycled in a closedsystem. When waste addition is terminated, the chimney isallowed to boil dry. The heat generated by the radioactivewastes then melts the s urrounding rock, thus dissolving thewastes. When waste and water addition stop, the cavitytemperature would rise to the melting point of the rock. Asthe molten rock mass increases in size, so does the surfacearea. This results in a higher rate of conductive heat lossto the surrounding rock. Concurrently the heat productionrate of radioactivity diminishes because of decay. When theheat loss rate exceeds that of input, the molten rock willbegin to cool and solidify. Finally the rock refreezes,trapping the radioactivity in an insoluble rock matrix deepunderground. The heat surrounding the radioactivity wouldprevent the intrusion of ground water. After all, the steamand vapour are no longer released. The outlet hole would besealed. To go a little deeper into this concept, thetreatment of the wastes before injection is very important. Technology In Agriculture, And Its Application To EssayDuring operation of mixed bed columns, cation and anionexchangers are mixed to ensure that the acis formed aftercontact with the H-form cation resins immediatelyneutralized by the OH-form anion resin. The monobed or mixedbed systems are normally more economical to process wastesolutions. Against background of growing concern over the exposureof the population or any portion of it to any level of radiation, however small, the methods which have beensuccessfully used in the past to dispose of radioactivewastes must be reexamined. There are two commonly usedmethods, the storage of highly active liquid wastes and thedisposal of low activity liquid wastes to a naturalenvironment: sea, river or ground. In the case of thestorage of highly active wastes, no absolute guarantee canever be given. This is because of a possible vesseldeterioration or catastrophe which would cause a release ofradioactivity. The only alternative to dilution a nd dispersion is that of concentration and storage. This isimplied for the low activity wastes disposed into theenvironment. The alternative may be to evaporate off thebulk of the waste to obtain a small concentrated volume. Theaim is to develop more efficient types of evaporators. Atthe same time the decontamination factors obtained inevaporation must be high to ensure that the activity of thecondensate is negligible, though there remains the problemof accidental dispersion. Much effort is current in manycountries on the establishment of the ultimate disposalmethods. These are defined to those who fix the fissionproduct activity in a non-leakable solid state, so that thegeneral dispersion can never occur. The most promisingoutlines in the near future are; the absorbtion ofmontmorillonite clay which is comprised of natural claysthat have a good capacity for chemical exchange of cationsand can store radioactive wastes, fused salt calcinationwhich will neutralize the wastes and high t emperatureprocessing. Even though man has made many breakthroughs inthe processing, storage and disintegration of radioactivewastes, there is still much work ahead to render the wastesabsolutely harmless.

Thermal Pollution Essay Example

Thermal Pollution Paper It is one of the pollution that effects on living things and the environment badly. The definition of thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature. A common cause of thermal pollution is the use of water as a coolant by power plants and industrial manufacturers. When water used as a coolant is returned to the natural environment at a higher temperature, the change in temperature decreases oxygen supply, and affects ecosystem composition. Urban runoff?seawater discharged to surface waters from roads and parking lots-can also be a source of elevated eater temperatures. When a power plant first opens or shuts down for repair or Other causes, fish and other organisms adapted to particular temperature range can be killed by the abrupt change in water temperature known as thermal shock. * Effects of thermal pollution on the environment There are several effects of thermal pollution * The dissolved oxygen content of water is decreased as the solubility of oxygen in water is decreased high temperature * High temperature becomes a barrier for oxygen penetration into deep Goldwater. * Toxicity of pesticides, detergents and chemicals in the effluents increases with increase in temperature. * The composition of flora and fauna changes because the species sensitive to increase temperature due to thermal shock will be replaced by temperature tolerant species. Metabolic activities of aquatic organisms increase at high temperature i nadequate more oxygen level falls under thermal pollution. * Discharge of heated water near the shores can disturb spawning and can Bienville young fishes. * Fish * Sudden migrations are affected due to formation of various thermal zones and periodic increase in temperature producing a thermal effect * Distribution of organisms among major and minor communities. Changes to reproductive powers and increased susceptibility to disease * production of heat shock proteins for thermonuclear. Bio indicators are the first to show the effects. * Decrease in productivity of the water body . * Economic and environmental damage * Effects of thermal pollution on the living things All plant and animal species that live in water are adapted to temperatures within a certain range. When water in an area warms more than they can tolerate, species that cannot move, such as rooted plants and shellfish, will die. Species that can move, such as fish, will leave the area in search of cooler notations, and they will die if they can not find them. We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Typically, other species, often less desirable, will move into the area to fill the vacancy. Warm water Warm water are elevated temperature typically decreases the level of dissolved oxygen (DO) in water. The decrease in levels of DO can harm aquatic animals such as fish, amphibians and scooped. Thermal pollution may also increase the metabolic rate of aquatic animals, as enzyme activity, resulting in these organisms consuming more food in a shorter time than if their environment were not changed. An increased metabolic rate may result n food source shortages, causing a sharp decrease in a population. Changes in the environment may also result in a migration of organisms to another, more suitable environment, and to in-migration of fishes that normally only live in warmer waters elsewhere. This leads to competition for fewer resources; the more adapted organisms moving in may have an advantage over organisms that are not used to the warmer temperature. As a result one has the problem Of compromising food chains Of the old and new environments. Biodiversity can be decreased as a result. Elevated temperature typically decreases the level of dissolved oxygen in water. This can harm aquatic animals such as fish,amphibians and other aquatic organisms. Thermal pollution may also increase the metabolic rate of aquatic animals, as insensitivity, resulting in these organisms consuming more food in a shorter time than if their environment were not changed. An increased metabolic rate may result in fewer resources; the more adapted organisms moving in may have an advantage over organisms that are not used to the warmer temperature. As a result, food chains of the old and new environments may be compromised. Some fish species will avoid stream segments or coastal areas adjacent to a thermal discharge. Biodiversity can be decreased as a result. High temperature limits oxygen dispersion into deeper waters, contributing to anaerobic conditions. This can lead to increased bacterially when there is ample food supply. Many aquatic species will fail to reproduce at elevated temperatures. Primary producers are affected by warm water because higher water temperature increases plant growth rates, resulting in a shorter lifespan and species overpopulation. This can cause an algae bloom which reduces oxygen levels. Temperature changes of even one to two degrees Celsius can cause significant changes in organism diabolism and other adventurously biology effects. Principal adverse changes can include rendering cell walls less permeable to necessary osmosis, coagulation of cell proteins, and alteration Of enzyme metabolism. These cellular level effects can adversely affect mortality and reproduction. A large increase in temperature can lead to the denaturing of life-supporting enzymes by breaking down hydrogen- and disulphide bandwidths the quaternary structure of the enzymes. Decreased enzyme activity in aquatic organisms can cause problems such as the inability to break down lipids, which leads to malnutrition. In limited cases, warm water has little deleterious effect and may even lead to improved function of the receiving aquatic ecosystem. This phenomenon is seen especially in seasonal waters and is known as thermal enrichment. An extreme case is derived from the aggregation habits of the manatee, which often uses power plant discharge sites during winter. Projections suggest that manatee populations would decline upon the removal of these discharges. Cold water In general, cold waters are better habitat for plants and animals than warm ones because cold waters contain more dissolved oxygen. Many freshwater fish species that are valued for sport and food, especially trout and salmon, do poorly in warm water. Some organisms do thrive in warm water, often with undesirable effects. Algae and other plants grow more rapidly in warm Water than in cold, but they also die more rapidly; the bacteria that decompose their dead tissue use up oxygen, further reducing the amount available for animals. The dead and decaying algae make the water look, taste, and smell unpleasant Releases of unnaturally cold water from reservoirs can dramatically change the fish and microdensitometer Anna of rivers, and reduce river productivity. In Australia, where many rivers have warmer temperature regimes, native fish species have been eliminated, and microdensitometer fauna have been drastically altered. Due to the sudden fall of water temperature the contraction on dam and bridge pylon may take place. * Control Of thermal pollution Cooling tower at Gustavo Innkeeper Power Station, Dortmund, Germany industrial wastewater In the United States, thermal pollution from industrial sources is generated mostly by power plants, petroleum refineries, pulp and paper mills, chemical plants, steel mills and smelters. Heated water from these sources may be controlled with: * cooling ponds, man-made bodies of water designed for cooling by evaporation, convection, and radiation * cooling towers, which transfer waste heat to the atmosphere through evaporation and/or heat transfer * generation, a process where waste heat is recycled for domestic and/or industrial heating purposes. Some facilities use once- through cooling (ETC) systems which do not reduce temperature as effectively as the above systems. For example, the Petrol Generating Station in San Francisco, which uses ETC, discharges water to San Francisco Bay approximately 100 C (200 F) above the ambient bay temperature. Urban runoff During warm weather, urban runoff can have significant thermal impacts on small streams, as seawater passes over hot parking lots, roads and sidewalks. Seawater management facilities that absorb runoff or direct it into groundwater, such as overexertion systems and infiltration basins, can reduce these thermal effects. Retention basins tend to be less effective at reducing temperature, as the water may be heated by the sun before being discharged to a receiving stream. Noise Pollution Noise pollution is excessive, displeasing human, animal, or machine- created environmental noise that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life. The word noise may be from the Latin word nauseas, which means disgust or discomfort. The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly construction and transportation systems, including motor vehicle noise, aircraft noise, and rail noise. Poor urban planning may give rise to noise pollution, since side-by-side industrial and residential buildings can result in noise pollution in the residential area. High noise levels can nutrient to cardiovascular effects in humans, a rise in blood pressure, and an increase in stress and vasoconstriction, and an increased incidence of coronary artery disease. In animals, noise can increase the risk of death by altering predator or prey detection and avoidance, interfere with reproduction and navigation, and contribute to permanent hearing loss. Types of noise pollution There are many different types of noise pollution. There are man-made noises, such as those created by city traffic, construction sites, airports and subway terminals. In fact, most forms of transportation have an associated noise factor. The other type of noise that can be disruptive and irritating are environmental, such as a loud thunderstorm or the noise created by barking dogs and other animals. * City Life and Noise Pollution If you live in a city, then noise is a common everyday element that you dont consciously notice. However, simply being conditioned to noise doesnt mean there isnt a physical side-effect. Your mind just turns the noise down to a livable degree. * Other Causes of Noise Pollution Many types of manmade products and equipment cause noise pollution. For example, household appliances, televisions, electronic cooling fans, vacuum leaners, and HAVE equipment all contribute to daily noise pollution. Even your pets may create a certain level of noise. * Effects of noise pollution on the environment and living things Human health Noise pollution effects both health and behavior. Unwanted sound (noise) can damage physiological and psychological health. Noise pollution can cause annoyance and aggression, hypertension, high stress levels, tinnitus, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, and other harmful effects. Furthermore, stress and hypertension are the leading causes to health problems. Chronic exposure to noise may cause noise-induced hearing loss. Older males exposed to significant occupational noise demonstratesignificantly reduced hearing sensitivity than their non-exposed peers, though differences in hearing sensitivity decrease with time and the two groups are indistinct useable by age 79. A comparison of Mbabane tribesmen, who were insignificantly exposed to transportation or industrial noise, to a typical U. S. Population showed that chronic exposure to moderately high levels Of environmental noise contributes to hearing loss. High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects and exposure to moderately high levels during a ingle eight hour period causes a statistical rise in blood pressure of five to ten points and an increase in stress and vasoconstriction leading to the increased blood pressure noted above as well as to increased incidence of coronary artery disease. Noise pollution is also a cause of annoyance. A 2005 study by Spanish researchers found that in urban areas households are willing to pay approximately four Euros per decibel per year for noise reduction. The effects of noise pollution on human health is a complex topic since not only does it have a physical effect, but also a behavioral and even mental effect. Noise can make a person nervous, antsy, irritable and, in some cases, angry. Some noises are cited as being responsible for aggressive behavior in some individuals. Wildlife health Noise can have a detrimental effect on animals, increasing the risk of death by changing the delicate balance in predator or prey detection and avoidance, and interfering the use of the sounds in communication especially in relation to reproduction and in navigation. Acoustic overexposure can lead to temporary or permanent loss of hearing. An impact of noise on animal life is the reduction of usable habitat that noisy areas may cause, which in the case f endangered species may be part of the path to extinction. Noise pollution has caused the death of certain species of whales that bigheartedness after being exposed to the loud sound Of military sonar (see also Marine mammals and sonar). Noise also makes species communicate louder, which is called Lombard vocal response. Scientists and researchers have conducted experiments that show whales song length is longer when submarine- detectors are on. If creatures do not speak loud enough, their voice will be masked by anthropogenic sounds. These unheard voices might be airings, finding of prey, or preparations of net-bubbling. When one species begins speaking louder, it will mask other species voice, causing the whole ecosystem to eventually speak louder. European Robins living in urban environments are more likely to sing at night in places with high levels of noise pollution during the day, suggesting that they sing at night because it is quieter, and their message can propagate through the environment more clearly. The same study showed that daytime noise was a stronger predictor of nocturnal singing than night-time light pollution, to which the phenomenon is often attributed. Zebra finches become less faithful to their partners when exposed to traffic noise. This could alter a populations evolutionary trajectory by selecting traits, sapping resources normally devoted to other activities and thus lead to profound genetic and evolutionary consequences. * Control Of noise pollution * Roadway noise can be reduced by the use of noise barriers, limitation of vehicle speeds, alteration of roadway surface texture, limitation of heavy vehicles, use of traffic controls that smooth vehicle flow to reduce braking and acceleration, and tire design. An important factor in applying these traceries is a computer model for roadway noise, that is capable of addressing local topography, meteorology, traffic operations and hypothetical mitigation. Costs of building-in mitigation can be modest, provided these solutions are sought in the planning stage of a roadway project. * Aircraft noise can be reduced by using quieter jet engines. Altering flight paths and time of day runway has benefited residents near airports. * Industrial noise has been addressed since the sass via redesign of industrial equipment, shock mounted assemblies and physical barriers in the workplace. Thermal Pollution Essay Example Thermal Pollution Paper Individual Episcopal Institute of Management (MM) hereby declare that this report as a part of the course ?Contemporary Issues in Management (MBA 805. 1 ) is the result of my own work. I also acknowledge the other works / publications cited in the report. (Signature) Place: Change Date: 17. 06. 2013 (Name of the student) 2 BRIEF OF TOPIC Thermal Pollution may be defined as the excessive raising or lowering of water temperature above or below normal seasonal ranges in streams, lakes, or estuaries or oceans as the result of discharge of hot or cold effluents into such water. Thermal Pollution is harmful because its increase water temperature in streams, rivers, lakes, or occasionally, coastal ocean waters. Thermal pollution is caused by either dumping hot water from factories and power plants or removing trees and vegetation that shade streams, permitting sunlight to raise the temperature of these waters. Like other forms of water pollution, thermal pollution is widespread, affecting many lakes and vast numbers of streams and rivers in the United States and other parts of the world. A temperature increase as small as 1 or 2 Celsius degrees (about 2 to 4 Fahrenheit degrees) can kill native fish and plants or drive them out in favor of other species, often with undesirable effects. CLC Control of Thermal Pollution CLC Effects of Thermal Pollution CLC Sources of Thermal Pollution CLC OBJECTIVE C] To know what is Thermal pollution To identified reason of Thermal Pollution and its sources 0 To measurement effect of Thermal Pollution on environment. CA To find effective control tools and Step for decrease Thermal pollution. 3 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION In India, about 75 to 82 percent of thermal pollution is generated by power plants. We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The remainder is from industrial sources such as petroleum refineries, pulp and paper mills, chemical plants, steel mills and smelters. This study is based on global monthly temperature data, from 1880 until today (NOAA NCSC, 2001). These temperatures are separated into land area tem- premature (LA T), sea surface temperature (SST), and a combined global mean temperature (MEAN). MEAN is calculated by area weights corresponding to the global sea area (71 %) and land area (29%). During the year, SST is rather constant while the LAT varies considerably. CAT is about 3 ? 12 j lower than SST during the year. Fig. Indicates the LAT increase since 1880 to be 1. 2 j (to 9. 3 j) while the SST increase is 0. 5 j (to 16. 4 j). The corresponding combined global mean temperature has increased boy. 7 j (to 14. 3 j). Before that, during the years 1856 1880, the global mean temperatures were al- most constant (Jones et 2001 In water above 1400 F (600 C) it is very unusual for algae or bacteria to live, and serious problems occur at even much lower temperature levels. Unlike warm-blooded animals, fish and other cold-blooded organisms do not have a regulatory mechanism for maintaining a fixed internal body temperature. Therefore when water temperature changes, the body temperatures of the organisms also change. The resulting thermal stress may be lethal to some species. Factors such as diet, age, previous temperature exposure, weather, season of the year, and chemical composition of the water may change the specific lethal temperature point for fishes. Gender certain conditions, for example, brown trout cannot live in water at a temperature above 790 F (260 C). However, some hardy fish, often known as ?rough fish, can survive in even higher temperatures?carp, for example, can live at 950 F (350 C) water temperature. 4 Even comparatively small temperature increases may have serious results, affecting for example, reproduction in aquatic organisms. For example, the natural rise in water temperature during the spring causes female oysters and clams to shed their eggs. A similar, but artificially produced, temperature rise at a different time of the year can trigger the release of immature eggs. Excessive temperature can also prevent the normal development of certain eggs. Increased temperature may also affect hatching time in certain species. For example, herring eggs normally hatch in 47 days at a temperature of 320 F (0. 0 C). When the Water temperature is raised to 580 (14. ICC) the eggs hatch in 8 days. Such an early hatching often results in smaller adult size and shortened life span. Small water-temperature increases may increase the level of activity of certain organisms, whereas higher temperatures tend to decrease the level of activity. Lake trout, for example, cruise more rapidly as the temperature nears 610 (160 C) but then slow down above that temperature. A water temperature of 750 F (240 C) is lethal for them. As the fishs level of activity decreases so does its ability to catch food. 5 ARTICLE 1 Sources of Thermal Pollution Thermal pollution may be caused by four major sources. They are A) Water as a cooling agent. B) Soil erosion, C) Deforestation of shorelines, and D) Run-off from hot paved surfaces. A) Water as a cooling agent: It is the major source of thermal pollution of water in most part of the world. The use of water as a cooling agent in power plants and factories and industrial facilities causes thermal pollution. B) Soil erosion: Soil erosion makes the water muddy, which in turn increases the absorption of light, thus increasing the water temperature. C) Deforestation of shorelines: This contributes to the problem of thermal elution in two ways. First the plant roots hold soil particles together. Hence the deforestation results erosion of soil particles. Secondly, vegetation provides shade to the water surface. Deforestation increases the amount of light hitting the water surface, thereby raising the water temperature. D) Run- off on hot surface: Storm water runoff on warmed urban surfaces, such as streets, 6 sidewalks and parking lots causes raising of the temperature water that flows on the surface Effects of Thermal Pollution Thermal Pollution increased the temperature of water considerably. This increase in temperature causes the following effects. A) Change in water properties: Temperature affects physical, biological and chemical parameters in a water body B) Disturbed Ecosystem: Most aquatic organisms have adapted to survive within a range of water temperatures. Some organisms like trout and strongly nymphs prefer cooler water, while others such as carp and dragonfly nymphs thrive under warmer conditions. As the temperature of river or lake increases, cool water species will be replaced by warm organisms. Few organisms can survive in temperatures of extreme heat or cold. C) Reduced dissolved oxygen: The addition of heat reduces the waters ability o hold dissolved gases, including the oxygen required for aquatic life. Fifth water temperature in greater than 95 degree Fahrenheit the dissolved oxygen content may be too low to support some species. D) Increased bacterial growth: Warmer water allows bacterial populations to increase and thrive and algae blooms may occur. E) Photosynthesis: The rate of photosynthesis by algae and larger aquatic plants is also affected by thermal pollution. F) Thermal shock: When a power plant first opens or shut down for repair, fish and other organisms adapted to a particular temperature range can be ailed by the abrupt change in water temperature. This is called as thermal shock. 7 G) Increase in toxicity: The rising temperature increases toxicity of the chemicals present in water causes massive morality of fishes. Control of Thermal Pollution Following are some of the preventive measures of thermal pollution. A) Temperature of water can be reduced by taking the water to wet or dry cooling towers which are being used to pre cool that water before discharge transfers the heat from the water to the atmosphere. 8) Discharging the heated water into shallow ponds or canal, allowing it to cool, and reusing it as cooling Water. C) The thermal discharge from an industry can also be used in heating homes, building or other such structures. This is achieved by circulating the hot water through pipes in the structures. D) Water with temperature can be successfully used in aquaculture. E) The heated water can also be used in agriculture, especially for frost protection during the cold seasons. 8 ARTICLE 2 INTRODUCTION Thermal Pollution, harmful increase in water temperature in streams, rivers, lakes, or occasionally, coastal ocean waters. Thermal pollution is caused by either dumping hot water from factories and power plants or removing trees ND vegetation that shade streams, permitting sunlight to raise the temperature of these waters. Like other forms of water pollution, thermal pollution is widespread, affecting many lakes and vast numbers of streams and rivers in the India and other parts of the world. A temperature increase as small as 1 or 2 Celsius degrees (about 2 to 4 Fahrenheit degrees) can kill native fish, shellfish, and plants, or drive them out in favor of other species, often with undesirable effects. MAJOR SOURCES The major sources of thermal pollution are electric power plants and industrial factories. In most electric power plants, heat is produced when coal, IL, or natural gas is burned or nuclear fuels undergo fission to release huge amounts of energy. This heat turns water to steam, which in turn spins turbines to produce electricity. After doing its work, the spent steam must be cooled and condensed back into water. To condense the steam, cool water is brought into the plant and circulated next to the hot steam. In this process, the water used for cooling warms 5 to 10 Celsius degrees (9 to 18 Fahrenheit degrees), after which it may be dumped back into the lake, river, or ocean from which it came. Similarly, factories contribute to thermal pollution when hey dump water used to cool their machinery. The second type of thermal pollution is much more widespread. Streams and small lakes are 9 naturally kept cool by trees and other tall plants that block sunlight. People often remove this shading vegetation in order to harvest the wood in the trees, to make room for crops, or to construct buildings, roads, and other structures. Left unshaved, the water warms by as much as 10 Celsius degrees (18 Fahrenheit degrees). In a similar manner, grazing sheep and cattle can strip streamside of low vegetation, including young trees. Even the removal f vegetation far away from a stream or lake can contribute to thermal pollution by speeding up the erosion of soil into the water, making it muddy. Muddy water absorbs more energy from the sun than clear water does, resulting in further heating. Finally, water running off of artificial surfaces, such as streets, parking lots, and roofs, is warmer than water running off vegetated land and, thus, contributes to thermal pollution. IMPACTS All plant and animal species that live in water are adapted to temperatures within a certain range. When water in an area warms more than they can tolerate, species that cannot move, such as rooted plants and hellish, will die. Species that can move, such as fish, will leave the area in search of cooler conditions, and they will die if they can not find them. Typically, other species, often less desirable, will move into the area to fill the vacancy. In general, cold waters are better habitat for plants and animals than warm ones because cold waters contain more dissolved oxygen. Many freshwater fish species that are valued for sport and food, especially trout and salmon, do poorly in warm water. Some organisms do thrive in warm water, often with undesirable effects. Algae and other plants grow more rapidly in warm eater than in cold, but they also die more rapidly; the bacteria that decompose their dead tissue use up oxygen, further reducing the amount available for animals. The dead and decaying algae make the water look, taste, and smell unpleasant 10 CONTROLS Thermal pollution from power plants and factories is relatively easy to control. Instead of discharging heated water into lakes and streams, power plants and factories can pass the heated water through cooling towers or cooling ponds, where evaporation cools the water before it is discharged. Alternatively, power plants can be designed or refitted to be more efficient ND to produce less waste heat in the first place. In a process called generation, the excess heat energy from generating electricity can be used in another manufacturing process that needs such energy. Where homes or other buildings are located near industrial plants, waste hot water can be used for heating?an arrangement often found in Scandinavian towns and cities, and proposed for use in China. In the United States, the problem of industrial thermal pollution was first addressed in 1970, when Congress gave the Atomic Energy Commission authority to regulate thermal pollution from nuclear power plants. In 1 972, the comprehensive Clean Water Act instructed the Environmental Protection Agency to issue regulations to clean up all hot water discharges from all power plants, nuclear or conventional. Since then, thermal pollution from power plants has not been a major issue in the United States. To prevent thermal pollution due to deviation, the prescription is simple: do not devastate. Landowners can leave strips of trees and vegetation along streams and shorelines. Grazing livestock can be kept away from streamside by fencing. All efforts to control erosion also have the effect of keeping water clearer and, thus, cooler. As a practical matter, however, thermal pollution from deviation is quite hard to control because it is caused by the cumulative effect of many peoples actions, most of which are individually minor. Regulations focus on a few of the most important threats. Grazing 1 1 management plans, for instance, are intended to counter thermal pollution and other problems on lands owned by the federal government. In the United States, regulations governing logging on both public and private lands supposedly protect streamside, though enforcement is often lax. Elsewhere, streamside protection is largely up to private landowners, encouraged and died by such advisory organizations as the federal Natural Resources Conservation Service and cooperative Resource Conservation Districts. Solutions Several engineering solutions are available to minimize thermal pollution from major industrial sources. One is a cooling pond into which heated wastewater is released before it enters a natural waterway. The cooling pond permits evaporation of some water, carrying heat into the air and thus releasing cooler water into the waterway. The evaporated water might, however, under some conditions, condense, producing fogs where none existed before. In addition, the evaporation from the cooling pond sight deprive the waterway of significant amounts of water, which could be serious during summer months when the natural flow in a river is low. Another possible solution to the problem of thermal pollution is the cooling tower?either wet or dry?which also transfers heat to the air. In both types, heated water is introduced into a tower through which air is blown, and some heat is passed to the air. In wet towers, water and air are in contact, resulting in water loss. In dry towers, a device like a car radiator carries the heated Water, and less Water is lost. Several suggestions for the beneficial uses Of Herman pollution have been made. Among them is the possible use of heated water under fields to lengthen the growing season for certain crops, under city streets in winter to melt snow, or in cold estuaries areas to increase growth offish and shellfish. At the moment, these schemes are untested on a large scale. All solutions must consider the general health of the environment as well as energy use patterns, overall population growth, and other factors. Thermal Pollution Essay Example Thermal Pollution Paper Environmental pollution is the biggest menace to the human race on this planer today and this article is an essay on pollution describing its effects on human beings and whole environment. Basically pollution means addition of impurities to the environment which consists of earth, water, air, plants and animals. If we kept on polluting them then for sure the existence of human and nature will be hampered. Firstly there is a growing amount of atmospheric degradation which causes several repercussions on a global scale. And a first and important effect, the air on earth is becoming more and more dangerous to breathe without the use of artificial filters and this essay on pollution is based on these problems only. Essay on pollution. The most Obvious cause for pollution in the air is the continuous augmentation of motorized vehicles that increase carbon monoxide in the air. This results in the De-purification of the air. Not as vast as motorized vehicles, but even more important, are the contents of smoke and gaseous residues that are injected into the atmosphere by the industries. Say on pollution. We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Thermal Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It can be said that pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability, disorder, harm of discomfort to the ecosystem and in this essay on pollution these problems will be discussed. The blacksmith institute issues annually a list of the worlds most polluted worst places. In 2007 issues the top ten nominees are located in Azerbaijan, china, Peru, Russia, Zambia including India. In the last industrial age, the term over pollution was common, representing a view that was both critical of industrial pollution but likewise accepted a certain degree of pollution as nominal industrial practice. Say on pollution. With the growing number of automobiles and the greenhouse effect problem becoming more and more of a threat, air pollution is something to be concerned with. Essay on pollution. This essay on pollution will also discuss the major forms of it. They are listed below along with the particular contaminant relevant to each of them. Essay on polluti on. *Air pollution:the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere. Common gaseous pollutants include carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons and nitrogen oxides produced by industry and motor vehicles. Say on pollution. *Light pollution: includes light trespass and astronomical interference. Littering:the criminal throwing of inappropriate man made objects, unredeemed onto public and p riveter properties. Essay on pollution. *Noise pollution: which encompasses roadway noise, aircraft noise? *Solar contamination occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground leakage. *Thermal pollution is a temperature change in natural water bodies caused y human influence. Visual pollution which, can refer to the presence of overhead power lines, motorway billboards. *Water pollution by the discharge of waste water from commercial and industrial waste into surface waters, discharge of untreated domestic sewage, and chemical contaminants such as chlorine, fro m treated sewage. Essay on pollution. About 400 million metric tons of hazardous wastes are generated every year. The United States alone produces about 250 million metric tons. Americans constitute less than 5 % of the worlds population. Essay on pollution.

Learn About College Scholarships for Homeschoolers

Learn About College Scholarships for Homeschoolers The cost of attending college can be staggering. With current averages putting the cost of one year of public college for an in-state student at over $9,000 annually and one year of private college at over $32,000 per year, most students will need some type of financial aid to offset the economic  burden of a post-secondary education. The good news for homeschooling families is that homeschooled students qualify for most of the same college scholarships as their public- and private-schooled peers. What Is a College Scholarship? There are several types of financial aid available to help students pay for college. The  three main types are loans (federal, state, or private), grants, and scholarships. Loans are funds that are borrowed and must be repaid with interest. Some loans are based on demonstrated financial need while others are available to any student. Grants do not have to be repaid. These can be based on financial need, or they may be merit-based or student specific. For example, grants may be offered to minority students or those studying for a specific field, such as teaching. Scholarships are financial aid awards that do not have to be repaid. They are awarded based on a variety of criteria. Sometimes those criteria are based on academic or athletic performance, but they can also include military or community service, a student’s heritage, unique skills and hobbies, and musical or artistic talent. What Types of College Scholarships Are There? Scholarships may be awarded by colleges, private organizations, or employers. State scholarships are often available to in-state students who meet grade-point average (GPA) requirements. Homeschooled students may have to submit SAT or ACT scores or complete one year of college with a minimum GPA to qualify. (Once a student has qualified for a state scholarship, it often pays retroactively.) Need-based scholarships are awarded based on a student’s financial need. These are usually federally-  or state-funded scholarships that factor the cost of attendance minus the expected family contribution to determine the student’s need. The first step in qualifying for a need-based scholarship is completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). Merit-based scholarships are awarded based on student achievement in academics, athletics, or other areas such as art music or art. These may be awarded by the school, the state, private institutions, or organizations. Student-specific scholarships are those that are awarded based on criteria specific to individual students. There are scholarships for minority students, those with specific disabilities or religious affiliations, students of particular ethnicity, and those with a  military association through the student or his parents. Career-specific scholarships may be awarded to students pursuing a particular career field such as teaching, healthcare, engineering, or math. Where Can Homeschoolers Find Scholarships? To begin the search for potential college scholarships, try  specialized search engines such as the College Board’s BigFuture search or  FastWeb. If a scholarship description doesn’t specifically state homeschooled student eligibility, ask for clarification. Students may also wish to seek out scholarships through specific organizations. One of the best known academic scholarships may be the National Merit Scholarship, based on PSAT and NMSQT scores. Homeschooled students are eligible for this scholarship as long as they take the qualifying test at a local high school or another approved testing location. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) offers scholarships to student athletes and offers eligibility guidelines for college-bound homeschooled athletes. The National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NCIA) also offers athletic scholarships for which homeschoolers are eligible. Female students pursuing a career in engineering, computer science or engineering technology can apply for scholarships from the Society of Women Engineers. Chick-Fil-A offers scholarships to its team members and homeschoolers are eligible. Homeschool curriculum publisher Sonlight offers scholarships to homeschooled students who use their curriculum. Homeschooled students (along  with public- and private-schooled students)  with a documented learning disability and ADD or ADHD are eligible to apply for  a scholarship through the  RiSE Scholarship Foundation. Homeschool Legal Defense Association (HSLDA) offers four annual scholarship contests for homeschooled students and maintains a list of scholarship opportunities that are open to homeschoolers.

Booker T. Washington (1859-1915) - Smart Custom Writing Samples

Booker T. Washington (1859-1915) - Smart Custom Writing Information over social network Sites (SNS)Today we are in the edge of information technology. Communication becomes much easier now a day. People from different corners of the world can now interact with each other with the help of technology. Internet becomes a strong and popular medium of communication. You can always stay in touch with the near and dear ones. Social network sites make the impossible possible and facilitates the communication and become very strong medium of virtual social gathering. A social network site is the communicating media for interaction among people from any parts of the world using internet technology. In these sites people share their personal information and make friendship with many people of the world. SNS has become the household of today’s world. SNS terms are used widely now a day. This is a great way to connect with colleagues, friends, family and also a source of establishing new relationship will the people around the world. These sites are used by individuals, professionals, students, house wives irrespective of different age group. Research reveals that the desire for making new relationship leads to the development of different SNS sites over the internet. Some of the sites are so popular that it is now become the part and parcel of some people to visit those sites regularly, sometimes frequently. Through mobile web, any one can enter to those sites. To become a user of those SNS, it requires registration. After completing the registration users get access to those sites. Users need to fill up the information on the fields. Different types of personal information can be provided. After completing the profile it looks rich with personal information. Before opening an account in any SNS, we should become aware of our privacy. Golder, Wilkinson, and Huberman (2007) did research to gain the idea about friendship making trend and messaging activities. They did the study of anonymous database of 4 million face book users and analyze 362 million messages that had exchanged via face book. Most of the sites ask users to complete the information segregating personal, social and professional.   The contact address, email id, telephone number and other personal information need to be provided in order to make the profile sane percent complete. Much private information regarding occupation, favorite personality, likings and disliking along with other information need to be shared in those SNS. Barnes's (2006) describes the "privacy paradox" it the state when young are not fully aware of the information sharing via profile in SNS. Pictures and videos can be shared via those sites. With the touch of the mobile camera or PC pictures and videos can be uploaded and shared. The ease of communicating and sharing with other people is the main theme for the popularity of SNS. The high zeal, craze and enthusiasm of those sites become the concern of revealing the privacy of the people. This privacy issue is about SNS is much talked with the growing of this new types of communication. Undoubtedly the usefulness of those sites are unlimited but at the same time negative sides are also become the matter of concern to the parents. Through SNS users can communicate each and every moments of their life. Instant feelings can be shared with the friends of the users. Different occasions like birth day, marriage ceremony, get together party; religious festivals can be well celebrated via SNS. Friends can be provided with various virtual gifts and emotions easily. There are various numbers of SNS and some of them got higher popularity. Having an own account in those site become prestigious issue for the new generation especially young people. It seems like people talk about the ids of different sites. Among the various social networking sites twitter, face book, MySpace, Orkut, classmates etc. are very much popular. The widespread accessibility of those sites gives them the highest popularity. SNS now become the strong media of spreading information. Some information can be found in those sites even before on air on Television or radio. Lampe, Ellison, and Steinfield (2006) discovered that users of face book do search option to find some friends whom they have known earlier but not yet added in face book. There are many groups created which seems very much active on the net. Religious groups, minority groups, fan club of celebrities and be found in those sites. In the last US presidential election, SNS is used a strong tool for campaign. Celebrities share their feelings and views with their fans residing across the globe.   Musicians can interact with the listeners very easily with less cost effective ways using SNS. So, it becomes very much useful for them to take viewers opinion about their upcoming albums and music. Those who are interested about stock market can join specific group. All the information related to stock business like the most profitable company, prediction about price and overall the experience of different stock investors can be found in those sites. With the help of modern technology FM stations are becoming another media of communication. In SNS many fan radio fan club are established which talks about different programs and the liking and disliking of the people. People who missed any topic can scroll over the pages and be updated with the Radio Jockeys. Television fan club is also seen very much active in SNS. Religious groups use SNS to spread the truth of the religion. The overall communication via SNS is very much interesting. One can pass hours with out getting bored because so much interesting matters to see in those SNS. The most popular Social networking site is Twitter. Now people can be come update with the recent news via twitter. You can get the news via mail, SM S directly to your inbox. What you need is just to subscribe your email with the service of twitter. Form the business perspective the goal of twitter is to promote the business news to the people who have stake on that information. Face book is very much prominent among the SNS. People of this generation now ask for face book Id. It is a very useful medium of frequent communication with the friends who stay away from us. Just by opening a user account in the face book, any one can create his own networks of friends, colleagues and other relationships. Most of the young now become addict of Face book. The privacy becomes a big issue and challenging using SNS. Recently US defense express its concern of using Face book to its soldiers and alert them to be careful in communicating via those SNS. Orkut was introduced in 2004 affiliated by Google in another less known name of SNS. But still has significant user base. This site is very easy to use and very much user-friendly. One important feature of orkut is before signing up; you need to refer some one who has already orkut account. If you don’t have any referral, you need to wait for somebody to invite you. Sharing information and making own network via this site is quite easy and interesting. Classmate is another SNS which get recognition day by day. Initially you don’t need to pay anything for opening an account there but in order to get membership benefit you have to pay later. MySpace is another popular SNS with above one million users. You can make your own personalize page by completing the profile in MySpace. You can use that webpage to invite many friends and relatives to join your network. You can share photos, video clips, music clips easily with your friends and can store virtually. The SNS are so much popular that many websites provides direct link to access via their site. It increases the page visit rate of the sites. Some other services can be taken using the Face book Id. It means the account holders of those sites are given preference to use their SNS user account to login to other sites. Reciprocal linking can be created using the SNS. The communication gap can be easily bridge using SNS. You can always in touch with the people whom you may not have the chance to meet physically. So, it brings a unique opportunity for us. Many personal, social and business problems can be discussed and solved using SNS. It can include so many people even with the outsiders of the organization; you can share anonymously with your troubles. You can easily track and store the good and bad moments of your life which can be viewed later times. It surely bring pleasant memories and take your to the moments. Companies are using SNS for the promotion of product and services. These sites become very much cheap means of promotion. The more popular those sites are the better chances we have to become a member of that community. This is a very fine means of communicating with the community us familiar. Various entertainment options and means are found on those sites. People pass their time not only for communication purpose but also for entertainment. SNS is a very good source of getting information about the people we know. Status can be updated on a continuous basis so we ca know the movements, the activities of the friends of our list. This increases the appeal of the SNS ground high. Today most of the people who have frequent internet access are found having various user accounts in different social networking sites. You can suggest friends to your friends of the lists. Any irritating or annoyed user id can be blocked easily. Before using face book you should customized your settings and make the profile safe from misuse.. It is recommended not to add anybody whom you don’t familiar with. In this way you can build your own social network. The developers of those sites make the Graphical User Interface (GUI) flexible, user-friendly and eye-catching that one can find all sort of expected features embedded on the sites. In face book it allows users to create his own photo album and share it with the people easily. You can customize your photos with our own style and ways. You can make unlimited photo albums there. Another interesting thing is you can store your favorite photos by uploading and protect those albums from data losses of your pc crash. You can share those all or selective pictures with whom you want. You can tag any interesting pictures with your friend and share your feelings. The network building is very much interesting. You can visit your friend’s friend list and make new friends. Many people have found their familiar near one whom they lost in the past. The search engine of SNS is very much strong. You can make any search using keywords. The profile can give you an idea about any person. I can enlarge your thought with mixing so many people around the world. You can know the current trend of the market, the fads; the glamour’s and easily shares with your closer ones. Making comments on any status is also very much unique feature of those SNS.   You can like any ones ideas or give your own opinions a\bout it. Most of the SNS have embedded chat option with the friends. So, you can chat live with your dear one. Sometimes people spend so much time without boringness. The emotions of face book are very much interesting.   Some other features like fortune viewing, prediction about future, love calculator, wonder box all bring excitement to those sites. Messages can be given in private or you can post messages on the friend’s wall in face book. Birth day reminder, anniversaries are all unique features that you can enjoy when you have your own face book account. You can create your own group of friends with your preference and choices. Each and every SNS has its own rules and regulations. The users of those sites have to abide by the terms and conditions. Instant messaging is an added feature in SNS. You can make new contacts with completely unknown person. It’s like an adventure and something thrilling to know about the hobbies and interest of various people whom you don’t know. Sometimes you can find and meet some famous persons from SNS.   In the society we feel the belonging needs and keen to mix with others. SNS gives you the platform to enlarge your familiarity and make strangers to bosom friends. As a social being social interactions can be made easily and in a quicker ways using SNS. Those SNS have no particular interest. It just makes connections of people and arranges a medium so that they can stay closer virtually. We find the great importance of these sites in our life. In today’s business world, people are becoming very much busy and our life become s super fast. Face to face interaction decreases due to the mobility of the people for job and immigration purpose. So, for those busy people those SNS can be the only light of hope as a mean of communication. Communicate from anywhere, anytime anyways can be expressed as the motto of those SNS. People of all the ages irrespective of age, sex, color, and race can come under one roof of friendship and altogether make a happy society. Through SNS you can join to various online communities of your interest. You can get update news, upcoming events, featured stories and various topics about your preference. You can customize the choices and my filter the events that you don’t like. Since, personal information is shared through SNS, so taking precaution is the best ways to avoid any unnecessary risk of losing the privacy. Stop revealing sensitive information while communicating. So much information can be spread so take it as fun and stay safe. Before joining to those SNS, be sure to read the user agreement of the site as many people don’t bother not to read the disclaimer. It will help you to be certain that those sites protect your privacy and safety. Students can join various learning commonalities and meet people of other parts of the world. It helps them to gather more knowledge and open their mind and thought and also enables them to learn different culture. Study showed that it would bring good for the students if the professors are on the Facebook (Hewitt Forte, 2006). People, who want to get information about culture and race, can easily communicate with various cultural people and exchange their views and learn different customs and traditions observing by many cultures. People use social networking sites for business purpose also. They can circular the company information and make online groups of their company. Information can be circulated from those groups. Some website enables the users to upload videos so business community can use that facility to reach to the target group. Building online communities can be a good way to know about the feed back from different stakeholders. Before launching any product to the market company can put them on the web for open discussion. The feedback then use in the decision making process. So in this way information can be shared through SNS. Many successful stories have been heard about relationships. People meet via SNS can finally become the life partners. Since all sorts of information can be shared so people coming into contact with one another very easily. SNS can play the role of match making for some people as they found their right partners while communicating via SNS. Statistic shows that during first quarters of 2010 about sixty percent of Australians are registered in face book. Each and every day more and more new people join there and try to build a good virtual network. Among the SNS face book is becoming the most viewed and used site and still in the top position. Though there are concern for privacy and security issue, still safe using can make the best use of the SNS. In order to protect the account from identity theft, log off the account after browsing. Make sure you keep your password safe, make frequent change to your password, try to take hard to guess password.   Using behind a firewall is another way to protect from the hackers and other unwanted activities. The teenagers, housewives, students who have ample time at hand can pass their leisure time in those sites. Sometimes it hampers the study of the students as the give more priority to this sort of activities. Parents are now more worried about the future consequence and impact of using SNS in the life of their Childs. Sometimes while communicating, children fall in love and become emotional. We are now in the world of free flow of information. People are becoming internet freak gradually. This generation tries to give more time and stay online. So for those, SNS have great importance. It removes the monotony and brings social gathering online. Another important aspect of communicating via SNS is that people tries to update every move, feelings and emotions. But sometimes it may hamper your privacy. So before sharing any information through SNS, you should think about the objectives and consequences. Fragoso (2006) examined the role and impact of "Brazilian invasion" of Orkut which leads to the clash in the cultures of America and Brazil. And this has happened because of the control of the SNS by the Brazilian authority. SNS have many benefits and advantages but the dark side must also be remembered. Still some negative sides are found in SNS. Some people came up with false information and provide fake profile and deceive people. All users should make good friends whom they trust before going to add anybody into your friends list. Always hide your email id, mobile number, national id number, credit card number and other sensitive information from everybody and share only general information that may not hamper your life. Social Networking sites are the blessings of science and becoming extremely renowned day by day. The importance and significance of SNS in our daily life is unavoidable. Safe use of the service can only helps you to build a strong network of friend circle. Social networking has contributed a means of connection with old classmates, colleagues and family members and the new people whom you new meet before. Social Networking activity is advised to kept to a least or minimum used in moderation.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   References Golder, S. A., Wilkinson, D., Huberman, B. A. (2007, June). Rhythms of social interaction: Messaging within a massive online network. In C. Steinfield, B. Pentland, M. Ackerman, N. Contractor (Eds.), Proceedings of Third International Conference onCommunities and Technologies (pp. 41-66). London: Springer Hewitt, A., Forte, A. (2006, November). Crossing boundaries: Identity management and student/faculty relationships on the Facebook. Poster presented at CSCW, Banff, Alberta Lampe, C., Ellison, N., Steinfield, C., (2006). A Face (book) in the crowd: Social searching vs. social browsing. Proceedings of CSCW-2006 (pp. 167-170). New York: ACM Press. Fragoso, S. (2006). WTF a crazy Brazilian invasion. In F. Sudweeks H. Hrachovec (Eds.), Proceedings of CATaC 2006 (pp. 255-274). Murdoch, Australia: Murdoch University. Barnes, S. (2006). A privacy paradox: Social networking in the United States. First Monday, 11 (9).

Community Health Project Part 3-4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Community Health Project Part 3-4 - Assignment Example lity of 1 percent, by 2030 there could be dependent upon 26.8 million new instances of growth and 17.1 million malignancy deaths consistently, and in addition 80 million individuals living with cancer within 5 years of analysis. In 2007, there were in excess of 12 million new cancer cases, 7.6 million cancer deaths, and in excess of 24 million disease survivors globally. The most well-known cancer diagnosed universally were lung cancer (1.5 million), breast disease (1.3 million), and colorectal cancer (1.2 million). Lung cancer caused roughly (1.45 million deaths) positioned first in the mortality scale, emulated by stomach disease (800,000 deaths), and prostate cancer (680,000 deaths) (Resnick & Thompson, 2000). Among men, the most well-known reasons for disease mortality are lung, stomach, liver, colorectal, throat and prostate; among ladies they are bosom, lung, stomach, colorectal and cervical. This study compels the authorities to look for ways through which they address the problem amicably. As indicated above, rate, prevalence, and survival rates for particular growths uncover much about wellbeing value inside and between nations. This is less clear for poor-prognosis of cancer, for example, pancreatic disease, where generally little is thought about their reasons and the death rates for those diagnosed methodologies 100 percent around the world. Those tumors that are very defenseless to preventive measures, screening, and treatment recount an alternate story. Effortlessly treatable if women experience standard Pap screening cervical cancer is a reasonable situation where optional aversion and treatment can lessen a huge number of deaths of moderately young people around the world. Also, new information on the basic part of the HPV as an immediate reason for cervical growth has prompted improvement of viable immunizations against this disease, which has opened the likelihood of controlling and possibly dispensing with this malady – in any event in ranges

Timeliness of the Concepts and Theories of the Practice of Management Essay

Timeliness of the Concepts and Theories of the Practice of Management by Drucker Peter - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the book â€Å"The Practice of Management† by Drucker Peter became famous and a manifesto of the time because it laid bare and explained the topic of management.   In this book, Drucker explained that management was a profession just like law and medicine, and thus it should aim at getting the best from people. The concepts outlined by Drucker became important guidelines for managers and executives of firms in the 1950s. Drucker’s theories and concepts were not only applicable in the 1950s. They are still applicable to today’s firms. According to Drucker, the only sustainable advantages for an organization are the quality and performance of management. This is true of today’s firms in that their performances are a good reflection of the quality and performance of their managers. Currently, firms are more sensitive to the quality of their management than in the past. To back up this theory, Drucker lists the duties of management that are aimed at improving the performance of the firm, these duties still applying to the management of today’s firms. Another theory postulated by Drucker in the book is that managerial capabilities will be challenged by advances in technology and automation because they will produce a highly skilled and highly knowledgeable workforce. Currently, firms are employing managers with high capabilities to lead their highly skilled and highly educated employees. In the book, Drucker explains the concept of the firm and points out six important points under this. First, Drucker states that organizations and managers should be outward looking. Considering today’s firm's managers do not just allow themselves to be influenced by the external environment. Instead, they also try to shape it through creativity. The description of organizations as social institutions still applies to today’s organizations because, in addition to being created and manag ed to be people, they also contribute to the society, economically and socially. Drucker views businesses as organizations pursuing multiple goals, both economic and non-economic. This is true of today’s firms considering that they conduct profit and non-profit making activities like charity works. Drucker identifies innovation as an important concept of a firm and as seen today, firms are placing a great emphasis on innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurship as a way of gaining a competitive advantage over similar firms. Drucker describes the firm as a focused organization. This concept is evident and applicable in today’s firms in that the management always align the resources of their firms towards the achievement of their primary objectives. Finally, the concept of firms as being spirited is still applicable today. Managers of firms develop motivated managers out of their workforce through activities that enhance personal growth among employees. A "big loser" org anization Firestone Tire and Rubber Company is one organization that can be singled out in the history of the 20th century as a big looser organization and the theories and concepts described in by the selections of part III greatly apply to it.

Looking for Methods Essay Example for Free

Looking for Methods Essay With the rampant use of the inter net today, the students in todays generation get their resources from the world wide web. In effect, most of the resources are easily copy-pasted to the students word documents. It is very likely for them to be accused of plagiarism. Now research resources can still be integrated into paper works without the worry of plagiarizing. There are certain methods on how to properly cite resources. First thing that would leave a writer out from damage is to cite their sources. Acknowledge the author of the source and then discuss the details of the specific source. It can be done through paraphrasing and quoting from the original source. The method of quoting first and then explaining what that specific passage is can also be effective. Quoting is a harmless way of integrating a source into ones work. The citation is very important as well. It is important to indicate page numbers and even line numbers for the sake of references. Another good method would be introducing the author and then following it with a brief summary (Alred, 2003, p. 153). An example would be: Fear Itself: Depression Life is written by Robert McElvaine and discusses how the Great Depression has hit Americans. It talks about how Americans in the early 20th century battle with starvation and unemployment, which affected a lot of Americans. Soon, the situation helped them change to become a better person. The country has suffered the Great Depression in the 1930s. People got mixed perceptions in this difficult time though (McElvaine, 1993, p. 23). Notice how the paragraph started with the authors name and immediately gives a background of the article he wrote. The importance of doing this right away in the first paragraph is for the sake of coherence in writing. With proper citation, paraphrasing and summarizing research sources can be integrated into another persons writing without plagiarism. References Alred, G. (2003). Handbook of Technical Writing. Michigan: St. Martins Press. Lester, J. (2005). Research Paper Handbook: Your Complete Guide. California: Good Year Books. McElvaine, R. (1993). The Great Depression: America, 1929-1941. New York: Times Books.

Physics of Ski Waxing :: physics sport sports ski skiing wax

Skiing is one of the things to do during the winter, here in Canada. It is also cheap and easy to start, since there are ski-tracks almost everywhere and it is possible to find used skis for less then $50. Skis are pretty simple in design. Originally they were designed just as the snow shoes, though today they are much more advanced. (Wikipedia) Skis can be used just after you bought them, without doing anything to them. However, if you want your skis to perform to their best, simple maintenance needs to be performed. One of the best and easiest way to do so is to apply wax. One can be confused at first by the variety of waxes available on the market. To see that, just check ski section in local Beaver Sports store. In reality, just one or couple waxes needed to get started. I'm going to explain how to wax your skis for the diagonal stride technique and what exactly waxing does to the skis. Ski structure Cross country skis are bent vertically. That allows for using different kind of wax depending whether person is sliding or kicking. When buying skis, you should choose ones that are made for your mass. If they are for bigger person, skis will be less bendable, thus area of contact will be only on the ends. If they are for smaller person, skis will be unbent most of the time. That is not very good, because it would slow the person down. Ideally we want all the area of the ski to be in contact with the snow when pressure is applied and middle section off the snow when sliding. Friction is force dependant, meaning it changes depending on force applied. Ff = F * ÃŽ ¼ Glide wax is applied to the front and the end of the skies, this way when person removes force from one leg, friction becomes less and ski slides. The ski is unbent when force is applied to it. Friction between snow and wax in the midsection increases so that it grips enough for a kick. Coefficient of static friction of the kick wax is only big enough for "the snow irregularities dig into wax irregularities just enough to give a motionless ski bite, or grip." (Brady) At the moment when ski gains velocity, it is not at rest anymore, and since ÃŽ ¼k is less then ÃŽ ¼s, friction is not big enough to hold the ski.

Abortion research paper Essay

I believe abortion is wrong because human life begins at the time of conception between the union of the sperm and of the egg. I chose this topic for my research paper because I found this to be one of the most talked about and well known controversial topics there is. I also find it be extremely interesting and that there are so many relating arguments to abortion, which left me with multiple to chose from. There were several different viewpoints and I opinions I researched also corresponding with the topic and argument of certain aspects of abortion but picked this one to write about. Is the embryo considered human life when conceived? Or when the fetus reaches a certain milestone during pregnancy? Maybe when it moves around and shows full signs of life? believe it, or not, some people believe the baby is not considered to be alive until it is delivered at the hospital! See more: Old Age Problem essay I personally believe the baby is alive from conception, or even during the early stages of the quickening process, when you would start to feel the baby growing and moving and you can feel yourself becoming pregnant. I just don’t see how people could abort an innocent 9 month old child waiting to be born†¦ but people do. One very popular and well known argument relating to abortion is that â€Å" human life begins with the union of the sperm and ovum (egg) .† well over 30 million abortions have been performed and took place in the US. Multiple researchers say that the fetus is a living organism and is living the very second in which it has been conceived. Researchers have several tests and a multitude of information and a vast spread of studies with lots of information to prove and show when life does begin, but still to many this day it is a ‘personal’ opinion as to when life starts. â€Å" A sperm has 23 chromosomes and no matter what even though it is alive it can fertilize an egg.† â€Å" An egg has 23 chromosomes just as a sperm does, when the two join together they total to 46 of their very own new chromosomes, they together create a brand new genetic chromosomal code unlike any other individual has ever had, unless of course (identical twins)†. (Carolyn C. Gargaro ) The majority of American citizens in the United States of America are for the prolife side. This does not mean profilers’ are against having sex, or also against all woman’s rights or anything like that. It just shows that the majority just mostly believes the child in alive and living from as soon as the child was conceived in the womb. I personally, in my very own opinion do believe each woman does have a choice. However I am not agreeing with pro-choice because I support the side of pro-life for several reasons, but I personally do believe each and every woman out there does too have rights to what they want to do with their own body. I think of abortion occurring in any stage as an immoral murder and can be looked at as a form of genocide. I believe it is completely wrong, and life is too special to be taken from something so innocent who did not even have a chance, or for that matter was GIVEN the chance to live and experience life. â€Å"People of the pro-life side stand up for the sacredness of life.† Life begins at conception. Humans are created in the image and likeness of God. All human life is sacred. All human life possesses infinite value. – I do agree fully with this statement because it is saying life is a privilege and having a child of your own is too a privilege. Several people cannot have children and would give anything to be able to. Some people who have died and, people who have lost close loved ones no longer have that privilege of life. The privilege that each and every day by multiple people truly goes un-noticed and overlooked by many. The problem of abortion in other countries is very close to non existent because â€Å" in many countries abortion is not legal at anytime, though special cases might be made if there is a medical reason for abortion and doing the procedure would save the life of the mother.† Other foreign countries look down at abortion just like the pro-life movement does. A lot of people are against abortion especially at later stages of pregnancy. I believe that life should certainly not be under any circumstances, taken for granted, there are so many other different options and other choices and ways of dealing with it rather than turning to abortion. I view abortion as almost an easy way out, a way of not being judged for having a child, a way of not having to work and support a child, a way of not having to give up and sacrifice everyday life for a new completely changed lifestyle. I think most people can be selfish and would rather not give up what they have and just live life without a child, especially when the pregnancy was not planned and may be looked upon as an accident. Like most teenagers, abortion is the easiest way out for most. Very often at the time people find out when the pregnancy is unplanned it that seems most practical and simple rather than waking up in the middle of the night to care for someone other than themselves, pay the bills, get a job, support someone new, give up plans on a Friday night to stay in and spend time with your own child, who was infact an accident. Instead of turning to abortion multiple couples would be more than willing to make that child their own. There are multiple programs that can provide counseling and also medical care, adoption, housing, job training, and school. Which are all services for anyone with an unplanned or even planned pregnancy who may have changed their minds. Just different ideas and alternatives instead of abortion. The conception of the baby doesn’t mean the child is â€Å"alive† and some believe it doesn’t start â€Å"living† until 3 months or maybe even later, some think that still only the moment it is delivered is when it comes to life. Some people believe the child hasn’t reached a certain point of development at the young stages therefore it doesn’t mean they are â€Å"living† most people do not care at all. The opposing side of the argument is that abortion is okay, it is accepted and that there is nothing wrong with it. Most abortions happen because of a careless mistake or because of different reasons such as mistakes, rape, or attention. Some people argue that they weren’t ready for the baby at the time of the conception therefore they aborted it until they were ready. Some people just say that they weren’t cut out to have children and weren’t planning on it. Some also say that they don’t have enough money for a child, others say that the relationship with the person they are with is completely unstable and it would not work out. Some people say rape is an acceptable excuse, and this I do agree with. Rape I believe is one condition where abortion should be tolerated. Throughout the process for researching the two opposing viewpoints of abortion I believe that personally I do still stand by my opinion which I had formed before the paper. The only new exception I have thought of is rape, or incest I believe for the sake of the baby. It would just be best if it was aborted. I don’t agree with carelessly doing it for no good reason like multiple Americans living in the United States today. I think that people who get abortions today are harshly judged, but the people who are against abortions are also viewed in a different way. I think a lot about being brought up a certain way has to do with it, dependent upon whether or not you do or don’t attend church or believe strongly in any type of faith. I agree with pro-life still today rather than abortion.

Management Models

Assessment Task One | Understanding the First Five Topics Competing Values Framework & The 4+2 Formulae The Competing Values Framework and the 4+2 Formulae are models that represent the management research perspective of balancing outward and inward development, and how important the equilibrium of both areas is, in the success and continued success of a business. The Competing Values Framework has been developed over 100 years of theoretical management models, with with each era having developed its own theories and practices born out of the period’s socioeconomic conditions.The Competing Values Framework is split into four main quadrants which re? ect the four main periods of prosperity and economic challenges. The quadrants re? ect the period’s dominant philosophy of management and represents the relationship within management, in regards to the degree of control and whether that control is projected internally or externally. In the extended research, the understandi ng of an inverse relationship of competing values has developed into an integrated management model. The inverse relationship between values represents the ‘push-and-pull’ of a successful management concept.The balance of each idea or value keeps the entity open to development of new concepts but also retains the checks and balances and inward e? ciency. The CVF represent a dichotomy of management values that in equilibrium are highly e? ective. In contrast to the Competing Values Framework the 4+2 Formulae was developed though the study of 160 companies over a 10 year period working with 50 academics and consultants with well recognised research tools. Their study of these companies was to determine what made them successful or what made them fail.The research into these companies was retroactive, starting starting in 1986 and selecting a variety of businesses with similar scale, scope and ? nancial means. The 4+2 formulae is a structured two tiered model, with the mai n principles of business; Strategy, Execution, Culture and Structure and the selection of two secondary business practises; Talent, Innovation, Leadership and Mergers & Partnerships. The 4+2 Formulae is a representation of the best practices of a successful business, it outlines the core components and practices these companies developed to become successful.This is formulae representation of a ‘recipe for success’. The formulae expresses that concept of the four main core values of a business and integration of a pair of focused expansion concepts into which new prospects can be developed. The di? erence between the research of the Competing Values Framework and the 4+2 Formulae is shown in how di? erent the concepts are. The CVF is a consolidation of four management models built over the last century and expresses the careful balance in values that lead to success.The concept of this framework is to express the sensitivity of a business in the amount of control applie d and the balance of further growth with management of e? ciency. The research of the CVF also focused on the models of management and the theoretical concepts of each era, developing and contrasting each theory with the next to develop a diverse understanding of the paradigms in which management is based. In contrast to the 4+2 formulae which focuses on the growth or recession of a business though it core business practices and varying practices in growth.The 4+2 formulae is structured to be set of core values with an integration of two secondary business practices primarily focused on growth. The research into the companies showed that the each successful company excelled at the four core practises and incorporated any two of the secondary. In summary the research of each model di? ers in that one focuses on model and theorem based argument (the ideas and concepts of business) and the other focuses on the execution of core values and the incorporation of secondary growth orientate d practices (the application of ideas). Although these models are di? rent in the way they express the concept of success the main core values of both are very similar. For example; the 4+2 formulae calls for the exemplarily execution of Strategy, Execution, Culture & Structure, these fall into the main quadrants of the CVF and also inversely linked to each other exhibiting the relationship between each. Strategy, re? ects the Rational Goal model of direction and clarity, the roadmap. Execution, re? ects the Open systems model of growth, innovations and adaptation. Culture is core of the Human Relations model, it represents the embodiment of people and the empowering of sta?.Structure re? ects the Internal Process, of control, the checks and balances, the re? nement of e? ciency. The similarities of the Competing Values Framework and the 4+2 Formulae is not surprising, they both come from the study of business values. The comparisons of the core values in the 4+2 formulae and the CV F show how closely related they are. The 4+2 formulae is a study of business practices and contrasting that to the CVF which is a study of business models throughout the last century, we can see that the models are sound being proven in theory and practice.The CVF a theoretically based model and the 4+2 a practice based model have overlapping values, making it a very sound model, as the theory is proofed by the practice. What makes these concept more concrete is the study of business in practice in a current economic period and applying a historic study of theories to that study, showing major similarities in those core values. This would substantiate soundness of both the Competing Values Framework and the 4+2 Formulae. The Compering Values Framework gives us the tools to develop and check our progress.It is a compass in giving us the direction required, while the 4+2 formulae is the roadmap, its structure allows us to progress through each stage and ? nd new avenues for growth and innovation. Using the CVF we can always check our performance and rede? ne our direction. Personal & Professional Leadership : Exploring informative detail & Key Concepts The comprehensive model of leadership expressed in ‘The importance of personal and professional leadership’ (Mastrangelo. A. Eddy, e. and Lorenzet, S. 2004), outline the e? ectiveness of a leader at an organisational level through the understanding of parallel leadership practices.Professional leadership and Personal leadership qualities run parallel to each other and both support and enhance the others ability to in? uence and cultivate willing cooperators. The article motif shows that leadership behaviour and actions are important in determining the e? ectiveness of the leader, and that a successful leader must be concerned with both task and peoplerelated issues. Professional and Personal leadership in the model is expressed as a integrated practice, as each component lends itself to the other; suc h ideas are expressed in the articles ‘The Theory of the Business’ (Drucker, P. 994) & ‘Trends that could shake up your business’ (Ofek, E. and Wathieu,L. 2010) . These articles express how e? ective leaders in? uence individuals to work cohesively towards organisational success. Leadership is as much about in? uencing others with a comprehensive understanding of business and business direction as well as in? uencing them though interpersonal relationships. Both articles place leaders in a position where knowledge of business practices, having a perspective and vision for organisational success, and growth are important in an individual’s perception of trust in a leader’s expertise.Individuals will more likely trust a leader who has the expertise, the insight and vision of growing and developing the organisation. Trusted leaders should have a more expansive way of thinking to engender changes within the organisation and the marketplace. The ma in concept of these two articles express that a leader requires the ability to have forethought and the ability to adapt to di? erent situations. Professional leadership requires leaders to be clear on direction, be able to develop strategies to follow and coordinate the uni? d energies of individuals toward organisational success. Followers require this foundation of expertise as re? ected by; Professional leadership is an essential step in the leadership process. It provides a foundation that leads to willing cooperation. ( Mastrangelo. A. Eddy, e. and Lorenzet, S. 2004, page 446) Druker, Ofek and Wathieu also hint that the e? ectiveness of these leaders are interrelated to the perception of the leader as a knowledgable and trustworthy person. Therefore the Professional leadership quality is symbiotic with the perception of the leader, which is also re? cted in our model: When an organisation has created a direction that promotes both individual and organisational success, values continuous improvement, makes it clear to employees their role is in helping achieve organisational success†¦ will likely lead to perceptions of expertise, trust, caring, sharing & morality. – (Mastrangelo. A. Eddy, e. and Lorenzet, S. 2004, page442) This gives a more informative depth to the model, as we can see how interactions of the personal side of leadership can a? ect the e? ectiveness of leaders. Personal leadership is an important re? ction of the person who is leading, ‘Discovering Your Authentic Leadership’ (George, B. Sims, P. McLean, A. and Mayer, D. 2007. ) details how the personal narrative can feed how genuine a leader is perceived. The story of David Pottruck former CEO of Charles Schwab shows us that one sided use of professional leadership is ine? ective. David saw his hard work and long hours as a positive way to ensure success and achieve results, however this only intimidated his colleges and lead to a mistrust between himself and his f ollowers. In this instance a leader who did not realise his e? ct on his followers or chose to ignore them was in the end ine? ective at leading. His pursuit of results and success alienated him from others and created an environment devoid of willing cooperation. In ‘Why should Anybody Be Lead By You? ’ (Go? ee, R. and Jones, G. 2000) the article asks why as a leader, do you have the privilege of leading? The article questions why and how a leader is successful and expresses that there are four qualities that successful leaders possess. This article’s concept re? ects trait theory to an extent, the article points out key traits that all successful leaders possess have but also speci? d that each quality is di? erent from one leader to the next. Go? ee and Jones argue that leaders need to bridge the gap between professional leader to personal leader. The article argues that the nature of using only professional leadership will lead to a perception of a ? awlessne ss, a leader who is ? awless in work would not need help or want it, thus alienating him from a cooperative environment. The article suggests that leaders bridge the gap, by selectively revealing ? aws, ‘Sharing imperfection is so e? ective because it underscores a human being’s authenticity’- (Go? e, R. and Jones, G. 2000, page 65). Showing your follower that you are genuine and approachable – human and humane’ – (Go? ee, R. and Jones, G. 2000, page 66). These ideas of allowing your followers to see a chip in your armour shows that you are willing to take one for your team and are as just as human as they are, building trust between you and others. These ideas are echoed in our model; Organisational members must have con? dence in the expertise of their leaders , and must trust that the leaders are doing what is best for everyone. – (Mastrangelo. A. Eddy, e. and Lorenzet, S. 004, p441) The willingness to rely on another† has als o been found to be an important factor in establishing trust (rousseau et al, 1998). Trust in this perspective has as its basis reliability, which is enhanced consistency and predictability. (Cook & Campbell, 1979; Deming, 1982; Kerlinger, 1986) Personal leadership incorporates the sharing nature of humility and the ability for individuals to care for each other. Becoming a more genuine leader allow for greater interaction between leader and follower, creating a support team which allows them to keep you on track.Selectively admitting faults and limitations on knowledge and experiences would only enhance a leaders humility. As seen from; Researchers have have suggested that leaders should move beyond the hero myth or â€Å"great man† perspective on leadership(Murrell,1997), show their humanness by being open about their limitations in knowledge and experience(Weick,2001), and focus more on how followers in? uence the process of leadership(Uhl-Bien,2006). – (Owens, B. & Hekman, D. 2012, ‘Modeling how to grow: an inductive examination of humble leader behaviors, contingencies, and outcomes’ Academy of Management Journal, 2012, Vol. 5, No. 4, 787-818) Ideas from the ? ve main articles elaborate on the e? ectiveness of a leader though the incorporation of personal characteristics of the leader. Each article has its own way of developing the concept that professional leaders are e? ective only when they are perceived as good leaders in their own right. Trust, care, sharing and morals are valued highly by individuals who follow these leaders and are developed through personal leadership qualities. The foundation for leadership is the understanding of business practices (professional leadership) develop the foundations of personal leadership around it.Becoming a successful leader calls for a more developed and in depth practice in personal leadership. George et al, calls for the use of personal narrative to enrich the values and become a mo re authentic leader, authentic in a sense that the leader believes in what he/she is doing. Authenticity relies on the leader being passionate about what they do and in e? ect caring about it. Go? ee et al. & Owens et al argue that the admission of faults and limitations in ability when selectively done will bene? t a leader in that becoming more genuine.A leader who is able to admit faults shows that they are able to be empathetic and fosters a sharing informative environment. These ideas are all matched in our model by Mastrangelo et al. though three theorems: 1. Professional Leadership (providing direction, process and co-ordination will be positively related to willing cooperation 2. Personal leadership (ie. demonstrating expertise, trust, caring, sharing and morals) will be positively related to willing cooperation. 3. Personal Leadership will mediate the relationship between professional leadership and willing cooperation.Mastrangelo et al. expresses that these three concepts lead towards willing cooperation and are explored in depth when you layer the other 5 articles. Firstly as outlined, the professional leadership provides the direction, process and coordination, the basis of business practice, which is echoed by Drucker in ‘The Theory of Business’ and by Ofek & Wathieu in ‘Trends that could shake up your Business’. These articles concentrated on the professional leadership skills of being able to provide direction for the organisation, but also outline the importance that each individual understands as well.The articles give detail on how leaders must be able to make others understand and also be able to think outside the box, to have a way of forward thinking. Secondly, Personal leadership requires the demonstration values of the person. The foundation of professional practice where the expertise is expressed if followed by the understanding and comprehension of the follower, and their acceptance and trust leader’s expertise. The development of further values goes on to build this trust. As George et al. , Go? ee et al. and Owens et al. examines, the development in the character, the authenticity of a leader is the expression of their personal values and to show that they are also human. The idea to let go of the heroic leader perspective and adopt a more humble approach, to allow your followers to connect on an interpersonal level. The development of a fostering relationship that allows though the understanding of individuals, to care for each other to understand that each person has their own faults and short comings, developing a larger and more complex investment in their leader.Thirdly, the quality of the personal leadership will mediate the e? ectiveness of the professional. As individuals develop a more complete and authentic perspective of a leader the e? ectiveness of professional leadership will progress. As leaders become more aware of both their own and followers strengths and weak nesses their development into becoming a more e? ective continues to grow. When they reinvest what their followers have invested in them, they start to empower others to lead.They not only inspire those around them , they empower those individuals to step up and lead. – (George, B. Sims, P. McLean, A. and Mayer, D. 2007). The degree in which e? ectiveness is measured is by the depth and willingness of others to help and follow a leader, based on their personal leadership. These articles give a detailed view of the model, as its expresses both real world and theoretical concepts that both elaborate and embellish Mastrangelo et al. focus on the importance of personal and professional leadership.